植物提取成分调控短链脂肪酸在养猪生产中的应用

Application of plant extracts in regulating short-chain fatty acids in pig farming

现代养猪业发展中抗生素与重金属等的使用受到越来越多限制,植物提取成分作为替代品之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗菌和免疫调节等功能。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)是“肠-器官”轴通路的生物分子,能调节机体健康及生产性能等。关于多糖、生物碱、精油、多酚和粗提物等不同植物提取成分通过肠道微生物途径对SCFAs进行调控的研究结果表明,这些成分效果明显,均能抑制有害菌,促进有益菌特别是产短链脂肪酸相关菌的增殖,进而提高肠道内SCFAs总量及改善各成分间的比例,恢复和维持猪体健康,提升生产性能和改善肉质等。下一步需要深入研究各植物提取成分的作用机制、不同成分间的互作及如何降低使用成本等,以更科学、精准、有效、广泛地在养猪生产中使用。

In the development of modern pig industry,the use of antibiotics and heavy metals is subject to more and more restrictions.As one of the substitutes,plant extract components have anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antiviral,antibacterial and immune regulation functions.Short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)are biomolecules of the“gut-organ”axis pathway,which can regulate body health and production performance.Studies on the regulation of SCFAs by intestinal microbial pathways of polysaccharides,alkaloids,essential oils,polyphenols and crude extracts showed that these components had obvious effects on inhibiting harmful bacteria and promoting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria,especially those related to short-chain fatty acid production,thereby increasing the total amount of SCFAs in the intestine and improving the proportion of each component,restore and maintaining pig health,improving production performance and improving meat quality.In-depth research on the mechanism of action of various plant extracts,the interaction between different components and the reduction of the cost should be done,so as to make them more scientifically,accurately and effectively used in pig production.