多附件头铣镗床的滑枕低头自动补偿研究

Research on Automatic Compensation of Ram Head for Multi-accessory Head Milling and Boring Machine

基于SINUMERIK ONE数控系统,针对配置多附件铣头卧式铣镗床和落地铣镗床滑枕低头问题,研究自动补偿方法。利用千分表和方角尺测量机床精度,分析滑枕在伸出过程中的低头原因。使用PLC轴补偿和垂度误差补偿两种方法,结合偏心轮和钢丝绳前拉后拽补偿机构对滑枕低头进行补偿,两种方法对比选垂度补偿方法为最优。对不同附件头进行区分补偿,采用PLC程序对附件头进行识别,并自动选择补偿数据。最后依次更换附件头,测量滑枕精度并绘制曲线对比,结果表明:采用PLC配合垂度误差补偿能快速线性地对滑枕进行自动补偿,机床精度得到大幅度提升,与传统的Y轴补偿法相比更准确,与NC指令切换法相比更安全,无需手动干预,避免误操作的可能。上述研究在卧式铣镗床和落地铣镗床的电气设计运用具有一定的指导意义。

Based on the SINUMERIK ONE numerical control system,the automatic compensation method is studied to solve the problem for the bow of the ram in the horizontal milling and boring machine and the floor type milling and boring machine with multiple accessories.The precision of the machine tool is measured by the dial meter and square square,and the reason for the bow of the ram in the process of extension is analyzed.Two methods of PLC shaft compensation and sag error compensation are used to compensate the head of the ram,combined with the eccentric wheel and the wire rope pulling compensation mechanism,and the sag compensation method is the best.To distinguish and compensate different attachment heads,the PLC program is used to identify the attachment heads,and the compensation data is automatically selected.Finally,the accessory head is replaced in turn,the accuracy of the ram is measured and the curve is drawn.The results show that the use of PLC combined with sag error compensation can quickly and linearly compensate the ram automatically,and the machine accuracy is greatly improved,more accurate than the traditional Y-axis compensation method,more secure than NC instruction switching method,no manual intervention,the possibility of misoperation is avoided.The research has certain guiding significance in the electrical design and application of horizontal milling and boring machines and floor milling and boring machines.