两种职业健康风险评估模型在济南市木质家具制造企业中的应用

Application of 2 occupational health risk assessment models in wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises in Jinan city

目的应用2种职业健康风险评估模型,对济南市木质家具制造企业岗位进行职业健康风险评估,并比较2种评估模型的适用性。方法2023年3-8月选取济南市2家木质家具制造企业(A、B)作为研究对象,对2家木质家具企业进行职业卫生学调查。应用新加坡化学物质职业暴露半定量风险评估方法(新加坡风险模型)和国际采矿与金属委员会风险评估方法(ICMM评估模型),对2家木质家具制造企业关键生产岗位的职业健康风险进行评估。结果经标准化后,新加坡风险模型在2家企业中接触木粉尘的岗位评估结果均为高风险,ICMM评估模型风险矩阵法在接触木粉尘评估中企业A备料岗位为极高风险,其余均为中等风险;企业B岗位均为中等风险。赋值定量法在接触木粉尘评估中仅企业A备料岗位为中等风险,其余岗位均为低风险;企业B岗位均为低风险。2家企业喷漆岗位接触的甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸酯类等化学毒物,新加坡模型评估结果为可忽略风险到低风险,ICMM评估模型风险矩阵法和赋值定量法评估结果均为低风险。结论两种评估模型均适用于木质家具制造企业不同岗位的职业健康风险评估,其中新加坡风险模型基于职业卫生现场调查和检测数据,评估结果更客观,但适用的职业病危害因素有限。ICMM评估模型适用范围广,且参数易得,操作更简便,具有较强的主观性。

Objective Using 2occupational health risk assessment models to evaluate occupational health risk in wood furniture manufacturing enterprises,and the applicability of the 2models was discussed.Methods From March to August 2023,2wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises(A and B)in Jinan city were selected as research objects to conduct occupational health investigations on the 2wooden furniture enterprises.The Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment method(Singapore risk model)and the International council on mining and metals(ICMM)model were applied to assess the occupational health risks of key production positions in 2wood-based furniture manufacturing enterprises.Results The Singapore Risk Model assessed jobs exposed to wood dust at both enterprises as high risk,and the results of ICMM assessment model for wood dust exposure in the material preparation position of enterprise A was at high risk,and the rest were at medium risk after standardization.All positions in enterprise B were medium risk.In the assessment of wood dust exposure,only the material preparation position of enterprise A was medium risk,and the other positions were low risk.The positions in enterprise B were all low risk.For toluene,xylene,acetate and other chemical poisons exposed to painting jobs in the 2enterprises,the Singapore model assessment results were negligible risk to low risk.The results of risk matrix method and quantitative valuation method of ICMM evaluation model were low risk.Conclusion The two models are suitable for the occupational health risk assessment of wood furniture manufacturing enterprises.The Singapore risk model is based on occupational health survey and testing data,so the assessment results are more objective,but the applicable occupational hazard factors are limited.ICMM evaluation model has a wide range of application,easy to obtain parameters,simpler operation but stronger subjectivity.