配置呕吐袋干预学校诺如病毒疫情的效果研究

Study on the effect of equipping vomiting bags to intervene norovirus epidemic in schools

目的通过健康教育采取配备呕吐袋的方式,探索学校不停课的情况下,干预诺如病毒疫情。方法采取整群随机对照试验设计,以学校为群组单位,通过整群随机抽样的方法将辖区内发生诺如病毒疫情的学校分为干预组和对照组。疫情结束后,收集2组涉疫率、罹患率、二代病例续发率和疫情持续时间、停课率等相关指标,比较防控效果差异。用SPSS 27.0软件对数据进行统计分析,连续变量采用t检验分析,分类变量采用卡方检验或Fisher精确检验。结果干预组共纳入5所学校,研究对象673名,有诺如病毒感染病例14例;罹患率2.08%,涉疫率18.67%,二代病例续发率1.35%,疫情持续天数(8.40±1.67)d,停课率为0。对照组纳入9所学校,研究对象605名,有136例诺如病毒病例;罹患率22.48%,涉疫率21.21%,二代病例续发率21.18%,疫情持续天数(7.89±1.69)d,停课率92.86%。2组罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=127.97,P<0.01);涉疫率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.143,P>0.05);二代病例续发率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=129.62,P<0.01)。2组疫情持续天数之间差异无统计学意义(t=0.544,P>0.05)。结论学校配置使用呕吐袋可不停课又有效地降低诺如病毒感染率和二代续发率,对疫情防控具有重要意义。

Objective To explore the intervention of norovirus epidemic in schools without suspending classes through health education by equipping vomiting bags.Methods A cluster randomized controlled trial was designed,and the schools with norovirus outbreaks in the jurisdiction were divided into intervention group and control group by cluster random sampling.After the epidemic ended,the epidemic rate,incidence rate,second-generation case recurrence rate,epidemic duration,school suspension rate and other relevant indicators were collected between the two groups,and the differences in prevention and control effects between the two groups were compared.SPSS 27.0 software was used for statistical analysis.The t-test was used to analyze continuous variables,and the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used to analyze categorical variables.Results A total of 5 schools were included in the intervention group,with 673 subjects and 14 cases of norovirus infection.The incidence rate was 2.08%,the epidemic-related rate was 18.67%,the second-generation case recurrence rate was 1.35%,the number of days the epidemic lasted(8.40±1.67)days,and the school suspension rate was 0.The control group included 9 schools,605 participants,and 136 cases of norovirus.The incidence rate was 22.48%,the epidemic-related rate was 21.21%,the second-generation case recurrence rate was 21.18%,the number of days the epidemic lasted(7.89±1.69)days,and the school suspension rate was 92.86%.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between the two groups(χ^(2)=127.97,P<0.01),no significant difference in the epidemic-related rate(χ^(2)=0.143,P>0.05),and a statistically significant difference in the secondary incidence rate of the second-generation cases(χ^(2)=129.62,P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the number of days of the epidemic between the two groups(t=0.544,P>0.05).Conclusion The use of vomiting bags in schools can not stop classes and effectively reduce the rate of norovirus infection and the rate of secondary infection,which is of great significance for epidemic prevention and control.