碳中和目标下中国国家公园建设与管理

Establishment and management of national parks under carbon neutrality goal in China

当前,中国正在全面推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设。综述了国家公园在保护生态系统的完整性与原真性、保护与恢复珍稀濒危物种及其栖息地、保障和提升生态系统服务的同时,在减缓气候变化、推动中国实现碳中和目标等方面发挥的重要作用。在碳中和战略目标下,国家公园作为碳库的建设、管理与利用显得尤为重要,与国际相关研究相比,中国国家公园在减缓与适应气候变化及实现碳中和目标的贡献等方面的研究还处于起步阶段。由于气候变化会对国家公园产生一系列潜在影响,例如改变土地利用性质、影响生态系统完整性、影响物种及其栖息地、加剧极端气候等,因此提出了碳中和目标下中国国家公园建设与管理的建议:(1)探索国家公园体系建设与气候变化协同治理的机制与路径;(2)加强气候变化背景下以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设与监测;(3)加强碳减排工程措施对国家公园等自然保护地内及周边区域的监管;(4)进一步探索“基于自然的解决方案”形成综合行动方案。

Currently,China is vigorously promoting the establishment of the system of protected areas with national parks as the main body.In addition to safeguarding the integrity and authenticity of the ecosystem,protecting and restoring rare and endangered species and their habitats,and maintaining and enhancing ecosystem services,national parks also play a crucial role in mitigating climate change and facilitating China's"carbon neutrality"goals.With the strategic objective of achieving carbon neutrality,it is crucial to prioritize the construction,management,and utilization of national parks as carbon reservoirs.However,comparing with relevant international studies,research on national parks'contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation and their role in attaining carbon neutrality is still at an early stage in China.Climate change poses various potential impacts on national parks,including altering land use patterns,compromising ecosystem integrity,affecting species and their habitats,and intensifying climate extremes.Therefore,in this paper,measures and recommendations for the establishment and management of national parks in China within the framework of carbon neutrality goals are proposed:(1)exploring collaborative mechanisms and pathways for managing both the development of national park system and climate change;(2)enhancing the construction and monitoring of protected areas with national parks as the main body amidst changing climatic conditions;(3)strengthening supervision over carbon emission reduction initiatives within protected areas such as national parks;(4)further investigating"nature-based solutions"to formulate comprehensive action plans.