先天性白内障手术患儿的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of children with congenital cataract surgery

目的分析先天性白内障手术患儿的流行病学特点,了解其诊治现状,为进一步提高先天性白内障早期诊治提供参考。方法回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年12月在我院接受先天性白内障手术的81例(142眼)1岁以内患儿,分析患儿初次就诊原因、初次发现眼部异常年龄、手术延迟时间、初次手术年龄等流行病学数据。结果患儿就诊最主要的原因为瞳孔区白,占比59.3%(48/81),其次为眼球注视不良,占比33.3%(27/81)。初次发现眼部异常平均年龄为(2.9±1.9)个月,平均手术延迟时间为(4.1±3.3)个月,初次手术平均年龄为(6.9±2.7)个月。50.6%(41/81)的患儿存在眼部或全身合并症。结论先天性白内障患儿症状发现晚,手术延迟明显,多数患儿错过最佳手术时机。未来需加强筛查,尽早发现先天性白内障并缩短手术延迟时间以提高患儿治疗效果。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of children with congenital cataract surgery,to understand the current status of diagnosis and treatment,and to provide references for further improving the early diagnosis and treatment of congenital cataract.Methods A retrospective analysis of 81 cases(142 eyes)of children under 1 year old who underwent congenital cataract surgery in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 was conducted.The reasons for the first visit,the age of the first discovery of ocular abnormalities,the delay time of surgery,the age of the first surgery and other epidemiological data were analyzed.Results The main reason for children visit was white pupil area,accounting for 59.3%(48/81),followed by poor eye fixation,accounting for 33.3%(27/81).The average age of the first discovery of ocular abnormalities was(2.9±1.9)months,and the average surgery delay time was(4.1±3.3)months,the average age of the first surgery was(6.9±2.7)months.A total of 50.6%(41/81)of the children had ocular or systemic complications.Conclusion Children with congenital cataracts have late symptom detection and significant surgical delays,and most of them miss the best surgical opportunity.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen screening,detect congenital cataracts as early as possible,and shorten the delay time of surgery for improving the treatment effect of children.