探讨《石材退化模式图解词汇表》--基于马耳他罗马住宅博物馆环境研究项目的石材退化种类研究

Evaluation of the Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns:A Study of the Stone Deterioration Types Based on the Environmental Research Project of Domus Romana Museum in Malta

《石材退化模式图解词汇表》是国际学术界表述石材退化种类的重要工具,在过去的16年间,已被翻译成多种语言版本,并应用于全球众多地区的文化遗产保护活动。文章作者在参与伦敦大学学院巴特莱特建成环境学院可持续性遗产保护研究所针对马耳他罗马住宅博物馆开展的环境研究项目中的户外考古遗址课题组,并对石材退化种类展开研究时,深切地感受到《石材退化模式图解词汇表》统一了分类标准和术语,具有丰富的图文信息辅助分类等优势;也察觉到其存在需要大量投入和辨别相似种类的能力,全面性和精确性不足,无法用于推断或评估退化起因、过程和程度等弊端。文章在阐述《石材退化模式图解词汇表》的来源文献、各语言版本特点、结构和全球使用现状的基础上,提出整合相似退化种类、引入量化机制、增加分析与保护视角等多项建议,期望能为石材退化现象的分类带来新的思路。

The Ilustrated Glossary on Stone De-terioration Patterns(hereafter,the Glossary)is an essential tool to describe various stone deteriora-tion types.Since its inception more than a decade ago,the Glossary has been translated into multiple languages and utilised in numerous heritage conser-vation practices across various regions worldwide.Through reflecting on the environmental research project for the outdoor archaeological site of the Domus Romana Museum in Malta,conducted by the research team of the Institute for Sustainable Heritage at the Bartlett Faculty of the Built Envi-ronment in the University College London,this article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the Glossary.The former includes the unification of global classification standards and terminology usage,and the comprehensive textual and photo-graphic explanations of various deterioration types.The latter includes the extensive workload and in-depth understanding required to distinguish be-tween similar deterioration types,the insufficiency of sample completeness and classification accuracy,and the Glossary's inability to infer the origins,pro-cesses,and extents of deterioration.This research examines the source documents,characteristics of different translations,content structure,and global usage of the Glossary,and offers several sugges-tions for improvement.These include integrating similar deterioration types,introducing quantitative mechanisms,and adding content related to the anal-ysis and conservation of specific themes.The find-ings aim to provide new insights for future practices in categorising stone deterioration patterns.