国际经贸领域竞争中性豁免规则的困境与完善

The Dilemma and Improvement of Competition Neutral Immunity Rules in International Trade and Economics

竞争中性的适用需要以有效竞争的市场机制为基础,旨在通过构建公平的市场竞争环境推动经济效率的提升。而国际经贸领域的竞争中性原则会遭遇各国立场和利益差异的挑战。公共利益常被用作竞争中性的豁免基准,但由于其边界的模糊性,留下了可解释的空间,容易变为贸易保护主义的工具,难以形成具有普遍约束力的国际规则。为此,应当从竞争中性的理论基础出发,以列举加兜底性规定相结合的方式设计竞争中性豁免规则。同时,我国也需积极推动构建符合自身利益的豁免规则,并通过国际谈判的方式赢得国际社会的认可与支持,更好地维护自身利益和促进全球经济共同繁荣与发展。

The application of competitive neutrality necessitates an effective market mechanism as its foundation,aiming to enhance economic efficiency by fostering a fair market competition environment.However,the principle of competitive neutrality in the realm of international trade and economics encounters challenges posed by differing national stances and interests.Public interest is often invoked as a benchmark for exemptions from competitive neutrality,yet its vague boundaries provide ample room for interpretation,potentially transforming it into a tool for protectionism and hindering the formation of universally binding international rules.To address this,it is imperative to design exemption rules for competitive neutrality based on its theoretical foundation,employing a combination of enumerative and catch-all provisions.Furthermore,China should actively promote the establishment of exemption rules that align with its national interests and strive to gain recognition and support from the international community through international negotiations,thereby better safeguarding its own interests and fostering the shared prosperity and development of the global economy.