球形破片侵彻弹道明胶实验研究

Experimental study on spherical fragment penetrating ballistic gelatin

为研究破片对人体的力学损伤机理,采用弹道明胶作为人体软组织替代物,开展了球形破片侵彻明胶实验研究。球形破片驱动装置为57/10二级轻气炮,利用超高速摄像机记录了Φ4 mm、Φ5 mm、Φ6 mm球形钢质破片,以600~1150 m/s速度侵彻明胶过程,并采用图像处理方式获取了明胶瞬时空腔数据。实验结果表明:瞬时空腔直径随着时间推移形成两个膨缩阶段,呈现周期性变化规律;基于实测球形破片速度-位移衰减关系,定量描述了3种直径球形破片侵彻明胶的运动规律;根据球形钢质破片的存速系数比29.90 mm^(-1),可快速预测该类破片侵彻弹道明胶过程中侵彻深度与侵彻速度之间的关系。研究结果可为深入分析生物致伤机理提供参考。

Ballistic gelatin was used as a soft tissue substitute for the human body to study the mechanical damage mechanism of fragments on the human body.Experimental research on the penetration of gelatin by spherical fragments was conducted using a 57/10 two-stage light gas gun as the driving device for the spherical fragment.An ultra-high-speed camera was utilized to capture the penetration process of gelatin by steel spherical fragments with diameters of 4 mm,5 mm,and 6 mm at speeds ranging from 600 m/s to 1150 m/s.Through image processing,the temporary cavity data of gelatin were obtained.The experimental results show that the spherical fragments form a temporary cavity upon penetrating the gelatin.The cavity diameter forms two phases of expansion and contraction over time,demonstrating a periodic change pattern.The spherical fragments and the gelatin target are approximated as a rigid body and a fluid model,respectively,based on the measured velocity-displacement decay relationship of the spherical fragments.The movement laws of spherical fragments with three diameters penetrating gelatin are quantitatively described.Additionally,the ratio of storage speed coefficients of spherical steel fragments is 29.90 mm^(-1).The velocity of gelatin penetration can be swiftly predicted based on the ratio of storage speed coefficients of spherical steel fragments.Furthermore,this ratio allows for the quick prediction of the relationship between penetration depth and penetration velocity during the penetration of ballistic gelatin by these fragments.The results can provide a reference for the in-depth analysis of the biological injury mechanism.