《外科正宗》阴阳辨证法在拔罐疗法中的应用

Application of yin-yang syndrome differentiation method in Orthodox Manual of External Medicine in cupping therapy

拔罐疗法作为中医特色疗法之一,目前临床尚缺辨证论治这一临床思维模式。鉴于拔罐后罐斑表现与外科疾病同样具有“外症”这一特点,同时可根据形色特征判定其病证属性,因此可将《外科正宗》中阴阳辨证学术思想引入拔罐疗法。根据罐斑的颜色、形态特征,辨明疾病的寒、热、虚、实的性质,用于指导不同罐法的临床应用。罐斑的颜色有助于确定疾病的寒热属性,罐斑红紫、红黑多为热证,青白、青紫多为寒证;热证可用留罐法、刺络拔罐法清热解毒,寒证可用留罐法、闪罐法温阳散寒。罐斑的形态有助于确定疾病的虚实属性,罐斑肿势高突、消散较慢者气血充足、邪气较盛;罐斑肿势不显、消散较快者气血不足、邪气较轻。实证可用走罐泻法、刺络拔罐法祛除邪气,虚证可用走罐补法、闪罐法扶助正气。

Cupping therapy,as one of the distinctive treatments in traditional Chinese medicine,currently lacks the clinical thinking model of syndrome differentiation and treatment in clinical practice.Given that the manifestations of cupping marks post-therapy share the characteristic of"external signs"with surgical diseases,and the nature of the disease can be determined based on the color and shape of the marks,it is possible to integrate the academic thought of yin-yang syndrome differentiation from Orthodox Manual of External Medicine into cupping therapy.By observing the color and shape of the cupping marks,one can discern the nature of the disease in terms of cold,heat,deficiency,and excess,which guides the clinical application of different cupping techniques.The color of the cupping marks helps to determine the cold or heat attributes of the disease,red-purple and red-black marks are mostly indicative of heat syndromes,while blue-white and blue-purple marks are indicative of cold syndromes.Heat syndromes can be treated with retention cupping and blood-letting cupping to clear heat and detoxify,while cold syndromes can be treated with retention cupping and flash cupping to warm yang and dispel cold.The shape of the cupping marks helps to determine the deficiency or excess attributes of the disease,swollen and slowly dissipating marks suggest abundant qi and blood with strong pathogenic factors,while inconspicuous and rapidly dissipating marks suggest insufficient qi and blood with mild pathogenic factors.Excess syndromes can be treated with moving cupping and blood-letting cupping to expel pathogenic factors,while deficiency syndromes can be treated with moving cupping and flash cupping to support the body's qi.