牛粪与脱硫石膏配施对滨海盐碱土壤及小麦生长的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Cow Manure and Desulfurized Gypsum on Coastal Saline Soil and Growth of Wheat

为探究畜禽粪便与脱硫石膏配施改良滨海盐碱土的作用,本文以天津静海地区滨海盐碱土为试验对象,通过设置田间小区试验,分析牛粪和脱硫石膏的不同用量在配施处理下对土壤pH、全盐、土壤离子组成以及小麦株高、千粒重、穗粒数、产量的影响,以期为滨海盐碱地治理提供技术参考。结果表明:9种不同脱硫石膏和牛粪组合均可以降低土壤pH,LDLG、LDMG、LDHG处理效果最好,pH下降2%~5%。相交于CK的离子组成,在相同牛粪施用量的情况下,LDLG、LDMG、LDHG的Na+、HCO_(3)^(-)、Cl-含量均明显降低,K^(+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Mg^(2+)和Ca^(2+)的含量有上升趋势。Na+较CK降低15.71%~24.21%;Ca^(2+)较CK增加110.69%~880.67%。Mg^(2+)则增加133.41%~525.31%;HCO_(3)^(-)降低幅度为22.91%~59.01%;Cl-降低幅度35.51%~48.22%;K^(+)的上升幅度为16.41%~70.02%;SO_(4)^(2-)的上升幅度为123.21%~351.19%,SAR值降低65.59%~89.81%。施用脱硫石膏和牛粪可显著提高小麦株高、产量,株高提高幅度为4.78%~14.79%,HDLG处理株高达最大值为64.67 cm;产量增产幅度为-11.37%~19.55%,并在LDMG达到最大值。研究表明,脱硫石膏用量与土壤全盐量呈显著正相关,脱硫石膏和牛粪用量与土壤pH呈显著负相关。在牛粪定量的情况下,土壤全盐会随着脱硫石膏的用量增加呈上升趋势;在脱硫石膏用量一定的情况下,土壤的全盐含量由于牛粪施用量的增加而降低。

To investigate the effect of combined application of livestock manure and desulfurized gypsum on improving coastal saline-alkali soil,this study used coastal saline-alkali soil in Jinghai District,Tianjin as the experimental object.Through setting up field plot experiments,the effects of different application rates of cow manure and desulfurized gypsum on soil pH,total salt,soil ion composition,wheat plant height,1000-grain weight,number of grains per spike and yield were analyzed to provide technical reference for the treatment of coastal saline-alkali land.The results showed that all 9 different combinations of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure could reduce soil pH,with LDLG,LDMG and LDHG treatments having the best effect,reducing pH by 2%-5%.Compared with the ion composition of CK,under the same application amount of cow manure,the contents of Na+,HCO_(3)^(-)and Cl-in LDLG,LDMG and LDHG were significantly reduced,while the contents of K^(+),SO_(4)^(2-),Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+)showed increasing trends.Na+decreased by 15.71%-24.21%compared with CK;Ca^(2+)increased by 110.69%-880.67%.Mg^(2+)increased by 133.41%-525.31%;HCO_(3)^(-)decreased by 22.91%-59.01%;Cl-decreased by 35.51%-48.22%;K^(+)increased by 16.41%-70.02%;SO_(4)^(2-)increased by 123.21%-351.19%,and SAR value decreased by 65.59%-89.81%.The application of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure could significantly increase wheat plant height and yield,with plant height increasing by 4.78%-14.79%,and HDLG treatment reaching the maximum plant height of 64.67 cm;yield increased by-11.37%-19.55%,reaching the maximum value in LDMG.The study showed that the amount of desulfurized gypsum was significantly positively correlated with soil total salt content,and the amount of desulfurized gypsum and cow manure was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH.Under a fixed amount of cow manure,the soil total salt content showed an increasing trend with the increase of desulfurized gypsum application;under a fixed amount of desulfurized gypsum,the soil total salt content decreased with the increase of cow manure application.