越共革新开放以来的政治制度革新研究——以政党功能为分析视角

A Study on the Reform of the Political System since the Reform and Opening up of the Communist Party of Vietnam——From the Perspective of the Function of Political Parties

革新开放以来,越南共产党对越南的政治制度进行了发展性、创新性革新,产生了巨大影响。从背景上看,越南共产党领导的政治制度革新是因为十年经济政策失误所带来的经济困境导致政治危机倒逼的。从政党功能视角看,越南的政治制度革新是从内聚组织和外散影响两方面推进的。在内聚组织方面,越南共产党以中央机构革新落实权力民主集中制,以战略人事规划维持其执政地位的稳固,以严格组织纪律约束全党的统一意志与行动,通过组织机构、人事规划、纪律规范等三个方面进行内聚,推进“个人-集体”组织结构的集权化,形成权力集中、组织集中、意志集中。在外散影响方面,越南共产党通过推进一党化发展与越共领导方式革新、强化越共在国家政治体系的领导地位、推进基层政治体系的党政一体化,建构“政党-国家”权力结构的联动性发展,强化了领导力、统治力。经过一系列政治制度革新,越南共产党强化了以中央为核心的党内组织结构,实现了党内凝心;巩固了以越南共产党为领导的国家政治格局,实现了党外聚力;为建设“强盛越南”奠定了政治基础。

Since The Reform and Opening up,the Communist Party of Viet Nam has carried out developmental innovations in Viet Nam's political system.From the perspective of the background,the reform of the political system led by the Communist Party of Viet Nam was forced by a political crisis caused by the economic difficulties caused by a decade of economic policy mistakes.From the perspective of political party functions,Viet Nam's political system reform has been promoted from two aspects:cohesion of internal party organization and diffusion of external influence.In terms of cohesion within the Party,the Communist Party of Viet Nam has created a system of democratic centralism of power through the reform of central institutions,maintained the stability of its ruling position with strategic personnel planning,and constrained the unified will and action of the whole Party with strict organizational discipline,that is,through the three aspects of organizational structure,personnel planning and discipline norms,it has consolidated the strength of the Party and promoted the centralization of the"individual-collective"organizational structure,and formed a concentration of power,organization and will.In terms of spreading external influence,the Communist Party of Viet Nam has constructed a"party-state"linkage development model of the power structure by promoting the development of the one-party system and the reform of the leadership style of the Viet Cong,strengthening the leadership position of the Viet Cong in the national political system,and promoting the integration of the party and government in the grassroots political system,which strengthened the leadership and dominance of the Viet Cong.Through a series of political system reforms,the Communist Party of Viet Nam has strengthened the internal party organizational structure with the central organs as the core and achieved the cohesion of party members.It consolidated the political structure of the country led by the Communist Party of Viet Nam and realized the gathering of forces outside the party;It has laid the political foundation for building a"Strong Viet Nam".