高等教育智能跃迁:一项历史比较研究

The Intelligent Transformation of Higher Education:A Historical Comparative Study

生成式人工智能技术与社会潜在变革动力深度捆绑,高等教育领域被认为是深受影响且亟待转型的主要领域之一。如何理解我国高等教育的智能跃迁?第一,通过回顾高等教育史上三次跃迁式发展,指出生成式人工智能技术因其性能的“优势非对称性”“高费效比性”可能成为大学跃迁发展的新变量。第二,基于对近50年自个人计算机广泛使用以来,技术迭代与文化滞后的关系梳理,阐明高等教育智能跃迁不只是回应技术引起的大学结构不均衡或关系不稳定,更应包含现代大学基本价值、规范秩序及其形成方式。第三,对近两年国内外若干大学智能跃迁的关键案例比较发现,现实中大学智能跃迁格局具有明显的“技术放大期”特征。就中国大学自身发展而言,基于生成式人工智能的流程再造则是大学新型共享规范得以制度化的关键期。

Generative AI technology(GenAI)is deeply intertwined with the potential forces of social transformation.The field of higher education is considered one of the primary areas significantly affected and requiring urgent transformation.How do we understand the intelligent transformation of higher education in China?Firstly,by reviewing the three major transformative developments in the history of higher education,the paper points out that GenAI technology may become a new variable for the development of universities due to its“asymmetric advantages”and“high cost-effectiveness.”Secondly,based on an analysis of the relationship between technological iteration and cultural lag in the past 50 years since the widespread use of personal computers,it is clarified that the intelligent transformation of higher education should not only respond to the structural imbalance or relational instability caused by technology but also include the basic values,norms,order,and their formation processes,inherent to modern universities.Thirdly,a comparative study of key intelligent transformation cases at several universities at home and abroad over the past two years reveals that the pattern of university intelligent transformation in reality has distinct characteristics of a“technology amplification period.”For the development of Chinese universities,the reengineering of processes based on GenAI is the key period for the institutionalization of new,shared norms in universities.