不同提取方法对甘松精油品质和成分的影响

Effects of Different Extraction Methods on the Quality and Composition of Essential Oil in Nardostachys Jatamansi

目的:探究不同提取方法对甘松精油品质和成分的影响。方法:比较溶剂萃取法(SE)、水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)、盐析水蒸气蒸馏法(SSD)、亚临界萃取法(SFE)、超临界萃取法(SCFE)提取甘松精油的得率、理化性质、清除DPPH自由基能力差异,采用GC-MS和OPLS-DA分析比较不同甘松精油挥发性成分差异。结果:SCFE精油得率最高、清除DPPH自由基能力最强,SD精油感官品质最优、酸值和酯值最低、碘值最高。5种方法提取精油主要成分均为倍半萜,SCFE精油中倍半萜类成分含量最高,SD精油中酚、醇、酯、醛、单萜类最高,SE精油中酮类最高。OPLS-DA结果表明,SD、SE、SFE和SCFE甘松精油成分组成存在区别,而SD和SSD组成接近。VIP结果筛选出1-[6,6-二甲基-1,2-环氧环己基]-1-丁炔-3-酮、白菖烯、桉叶-4(15),7-二烯-1β-醇等13种关键差异成分。结论:5种方法中,SCFE提取甘松精油最高效,SD精油品质最优。

Objective:To investigate the effects of different extraction methods on the quality and composition of Nardostachys chinensis essential oil(EO).Methods:The yields,physicochemical properties,compositions,and scavenging ability of EO extracted by solvent extraction(SE),steam distillation(SD),salting out steam distillation(SSD),subcritical fluid extraction(SFE),and supercritical fluid extraction(SCFE)were compared.The differences in volatile compositions of different EOs were compared by GC-MS and OPLS-DA analyses.Results:SCFE EO had the highest yield and the strongest DPPH radicals scavenging ability.SD EO had the best organoleptic quality,the lowest acid and ester values,and the highest iodine value.The main components of EO extracted by five methods were sesquiterpenes,and SCFE EO had the highest sesquiterpene content.SD EO had the highest phenols,alcohols,esters,aldehydes,and monoterpenes.SE EO had the highest ketones.OPLS-DA results indicated that there were differences in the EO compositions of SD,SE,SFE,and SCFE,while SD was close to SSD.VIP results screened out 13 key differential components such as 1-[6,6-dimethyl-1,2-epoxycyclohexyl]-1-butyn-3-one,calamondin,and eucalyptus-4(15),7-dien-1β-ol.Conclusion:Among the five methods,SCFE was the most efficient in extracting N.jatamansi EO,and SD EO had the best quality.