2014-2023年陕西省审定小麦品种抗病性鉴定与评价

Identification and Evaluation of Disease Resistance of Approved Wheat Varieties in Shaanxi Province from 2014 to 2023

为分析2014-2023年陕西省审定小麦品种对条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病的综合抗病性水平,利用近年来我国小麦条锈菌优势小种CYR32、CYR33、CYR34等量混合菌株,陕西省不同麦区小麦白粉病菌混合菌种和小麦赤霉病强致病力菌株为病原,采用大田人工接种对179份审定品种进行鉴定。结果表明179份小麦品种有6份兼抗3种病害,占供试小麦品种的3.35%,分别为‘长航1号’‘西农585’‘唐麦831’‘孟麦028’‘普冰151’和‘西农175’;兼抗两种病害的小麦品种有23份,占供试小麦品种的12.85%。对条锈病表现免疫/近免疫的品种占5.03%,高抗品种占12.29%,中抗品种占34.20%。对白粉病表现免疫/近免疫的品种占0.56%,高抗品种占2.79%,中抗品种占10.06%,抗病品种占1.68%。无免疫和高抗赤霉病的品种,中抗品种占8.38%,抗病品种占5.03%。2014-2023年179份陕西省审定小麦品种对条锈病的整体抗性较好,对白粉病以及赤霉病的抗性较差。

To evaluate integrated disease resistance levels of 179 wheat varieties approved in Shaanxi province from 2014-2023,which are resistant to wheat stripe rust,powdery mildew and wheat sacb,we used an equal proportion of the dominant biological strains of wheat stripe rust in China in recent years(CYR32,CYR33,and CYR34),a mixture of wheat powdery mildew fungi sourced from the fields of different wheat-growing regions in Shaanxi Province and highly pathogenic strains of wheat scab as inoculants.Each of 179 varieties underwent artificial inoculation.The results showed that 3.35%of the tested varieties(6 out of 179)demonstrated resistance to all three diseases:‘Changhang 1’‘Xinong 585’‘Tangmai 831’‘Mengmai 028’‘Pubing 151’and‘Xinong 175’,and 12.85%exhibited resistance to two diseases.Specifically,5.03%of the varieties showed immunity or near-immunity to stripe rust,12.29%had high resistance,and 34.20%exhibited moderate resistance.Regarding powdery mildew,0.56%showed immunization/near-immunization and 10.06%showed moderate resistance,with 1.68%demonstrating overall disease resistance.No varieties had immunity or high resistance to wheat scab,with 8.38%exhibiting moderate resistance and 5.03%showing general disease resistance.Overall,the approved wheat varieties in Shaanxi Province exhibited good resistance to strip rust from 2014 to 2023,while showing poorer resistance to powdery mildew and wheat scab.