海珠区2017—2021年流行性出血热流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Haizhu District from 2017 to 2021

目的了解广州市海珠区近年流行性出血热(简称“出血热”)的流行规律,为制定出血热预防控制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法和χ^(2)检验对海珠区2017—2021年各医疗机构上报的出血热病例进行统计分析。结果2017—2021年海珠区共报告出血热病例158例,占1.09%,病例总数位居急性乙类传染病发病例数的第8~9位;发病率为0.4060/10万~3.0105/10万;病例大多集中在20~<60岁组,占83.54%。男性年平均发病率为2.4372/10万,女性年平均发病率为1.0223/10万,男女性出血热年平均发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=26.203,P<0.05)。2017—2021年海珠区不同年份出血热的发病率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=60.587,P<0.05)。结论海珠区近年出血热疫情呈逐年下降趋势,发病例数以冬春季较多,城乡结合部街道病例相对较多,男性发病率高于女性。防鼠灭鼠是目前防控出血热最关键的措施,同时需加强高风险人群的疫苗接种。

Objective To understand a scientific basis for formulating epidemic hemorrhagic fever(referred to as"hemorrhagic fever")prevention and control strategies through analyzing the epidemiology regularity of hemorrhagic fever in Haizhu District in recent years.Methods Descriptive epidemiology methods and Chi-square tests were used to statistically analyze the haemorrhagic fever cases reported by medical institutions in Haizhu District from 2017 to 2021.Results A total of 158 cases of hemorrhagic fever were reported in Haizhu District from 2017 to 2021,accounting for 1.09%,and the total number of cases ranked the 8th to 9th in terms of the total incidence of the number of cases of class B communicable diseases.The incidence rate was between 0.4060/100000 and 3.0105/100000.The majority of the cases distributed in the age group of 20-<60 years,accounting for 83.54%of the total number of cases.The annual average percent morbidity of male was 2.4372/100000,and that of female was 1.0223/100000.There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of hemorrhagic fever between men and women(χ^(2)=26.203,P<0.05).The difference in annual average percent morbidity of hemorrhagic fever in Haizhu District between different years was statistically significant from 2017 to 2021(χ^(2)=60.587,P<0.05).Conclusion In recent years,the epidemic of hemorrhagic fever in Haizhu District has been decreasing year by year.More cases are reported in winter and spring,and there are relatively more cases in the fringe of urban and rural streets.The incidence rate of hemorrhagic fever in men is higher than that in women.Rodent prevention and extermination are the most critical measures for the prevention and control of hemorrhagic fever at present,simultaneously,necessitating intensified vaccination efforts among high-risk groups.