基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的柴电混合动力船舶能量管理策略

Research on an energy management strategy for diesel-electric hybrid ships based on Pontryagin′s minimum principle

提升混合动力船舶的能源利用率,制定合适的能量管理策略以实现功率合理分配、减小船舶燃油消耗、节约成本,是混合动力船舶的亟需解决的关键技术问题。本文基于Matlab/Simulink仿真建模软件,建立对象船舶的动力系统仿真模型,研究不同功率需求下对柴油发电机和超级电容的控制要求。考虑动力源特性和船舶功率需求,本文提出了一种基于庞特里亚金极小值的能量管理策略对目标船舶进行合理的功率分配。仿真结果表明:基于庞特里亚金极小值原理的能量管理策略能够优化船舶柴油机组原动机的工作状态,使其在比油耗较低的点工作。在该策略的控制下,航行工况内的柴油发电机组原动机平均比油耗为207.2 g/(kW·h),总燃油消耗量为204.1 kg。本文方法不仅对船舶减小燃油消耗具有积极的作用,同时对提高船舶运行经济性具有重要意义。

To enhance the energy utilization of hybrid ships,it is crucial to develop an effective energy management strategy that ensures rational power distribution,reduces fuel consumption,and saves costs.Using Matlab/Simulink simulation modeling software,this study establishes a simulation model of the power system for a target ship and investigates the control requirements for diesel generators and supercapacitors under different power demands.Considering the power supply characteristics and power requirements of ships,this study proposes an energy management strategy based on Pontryagin′s minimum principle to reasonably allocate power for the target ship.The simulation results demonstrate that the energy management strategy based on Pontryagin′s minimum principle can optimize the operating state of the ship′s diesel generator set,allowing it to operate at a lower specific fuel consumption point.Under the control of this strategy,the average specific fuel consumption of the diesel generator set prime mover is 207.2 g/(kW·h),and the total fuel consumption is 204.1 kg.The proposed method not only reduces the fuel consumption of ships but also significantly improves their operational economy.