土壤中多环芳烃衍生物污染特征及其生物降解

Research progress on pollution characteristics and biodegradation of substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil

本文分析了土壤中SPAHs的来源及污染状况,梳理了国内外已报道的不同SPAHs降解功能菌及其降解机制研究进展.分枝杆菌和鞘氨醇菌是参与NPAHs降解的主要菌属,一些细菌及真菌可降解OPAHs,而有关HPAHs降解的微生物尚多集中于细菌.剖析了SPAHs污染土壤的微生物修复作用及机制.SPAHs在生物降解过程中首先被转化为一些中间体,这些中间体在酶的作用下进一步被降解为邻苯二甲酸或水杨酸,最后通过三羧酸循环而被完全矿化.研究指出基于协同菌群及固定化菌剂的SPAHs降解及污染土壤微生物修复是未来值得关注的研究方向.

In this review,the sources and pollution conditions of SPAHs in soil were analyzed,and the different bacteria reported for SPAHs degradation and their degradation mechanism were reviewed.The Mycobacterium and Sphingobium are the main bacterium involved in NPAHs degradation.Some bacteria and fungi can degrade OPAHs,while the microorganisms for HPAHs degradation are mainly the bacteria.The effects and mechanisms of microbial remediation for SPAHs-contaminated soil were also reviewed.In the biodegradation processes,SPAHs are first transformed to intermediates,which are further degraded to phthalic acid or/and salicylic acid under enzymatic hydrolysis,and finally mineralized through the tricarboxylic acid cycle.It is suggested that the degradation of SPAHs based on synergistic flora and immobilized microbial agents and the microbial remediation for SPAHs-contaminated soil are the important research direction worthy of attention in the future.