代谢综合征与肠道菌群关系及有氧运动干预效果机制

The Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Intestinal Microbiota:Mechanisms of the Effect of Aerobic Exercise Intervention

代谢综合症(metabolic syndrome,MS)是一种复杂的代谢异常综合征,其标志性特征包括肥胖、高脂血症、肝脂肪变性和胰岛素抵抗等,严重危害人类生命健康。通过对肠道菌群、肠道菌群代谢产物以及其生存环境的研究发现,肠道菌群在MS的发生与发展过程中发挥重要作用,且MS病程进展与肠道菌群存在关联作用。肠道菌群及其代谢产物可作为MS的特殊生物标志物在MS病程发展中发出预警,从而有效预防和治疗MS。研究表明,有氧运动是调节肠道菌群安全有效的干预方式。有氧运动有效改善肠道菌群多样性、调节肠道菌群代谢产物和提高肠黏膜屏障功能。有氧运动干预调节肠道菌群通过降低机体炎症、提高机体胰岛素敏感性、改善机体脂质代谢、改善肠黏膜屏障完整性等机制有效预防MS。因此,本文着重系统梳理MS患者(以肥胖、糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪肝患者为主)肠道菌群特征、MS与肠道菌群的关联作用及分子串扰机制、有氧运动干预调节MS患者肠道菌群预防MS效果及作用机制,以期为有氧运动调节肠道菌群预防MS提供新的角度和思路。

Metabolic syndrome(MS)is a multifaceted metabolic disorder marked by obesity,hyperlipidemia,liver steatosis,and insulin resistance,posing a significant risk to human well-being.Research on the gut microbiome,metabolites produced by gut microbiota,and their ecological niche has revealed the pivotal role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of MS.The advancement of MS is intricately linked to the composition and function of gut microbiota.The gut microbiota and its metabolites have been identified as potential biomarkers for MS,providing early indications of disease progression and offering opportunities for prevention and treatment.Studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise is a viable and safe intervention for modulating gut microbiota composition.Aerobic exercise has been shown to enhance gut microbiota diversity,regulate metabolites produced by gut bacteria,and strengthen the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.The implementation of aerobic exercise as an intervention to modulate gut microbiota has been shown to be efficacious in the prevention of MS by mitigating inflammation,enhancing insulin sensitivity,optimizing lipid metabolism,and fortifying the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier.This study aims to systematically review the characteristics of gut microbiota in patients with MS,particularly those who are obese,diabetic,or have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.The research will also investigate the correlation between MS and gut microbiota,examine the molecular crosstalk,and assess the impact and mechanisms of aerobic exercise intervention in regulating gut microbiota to prevent MS.The ultimate goal is to offer a novel perspective and potential strategy for using aerobic exercise to modulate gut microbiota and prevent the onset of MS.