硅藻土对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of Diatomite Application on Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Rice

为明确硅藻土对水稻产量和氮肥利用率的影响,于2021-2022年在湖北荆州设置了单施硅藻土(Si)、单施氮肥(N)、硅藻土与氮肥配施(N+Si)试验,以不施加硅藻土和氮肥作对照(CK),测定分析了产量、产量构成要素和氮肥利用率。结果表明,与CK相比,Si对水稻产量无显著影响;但与N处理相比,N+Si处理能显著提高39.26%(2021年)和19.80%(2022年)的水稻产量。从产量构成因素来看,N+Si处理对产量的提升主要在于有效穗数、结实率和千粒重的增加。此外,与CK相比,Si、N和N+Si处理均显著提高水稻成熟期地上部干物质积累量,依次为N+Si>N>Si>CK。与N处理相比,N+Si处理显著提高氮肥吸收利用率、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥生理利用率和氮肥偏生产力,但显著降低氮素收获指数。综上所述,硅藻土配施氮肥能显著提高水稻产量、干物质积累量和氮肥利用率,是一种有利于江汉平原地区水稻生产节氮高效的施肥方式。

In order to determine the effects of diatomite(Si),N(N),and combination of N and diatomite(N+Si)on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency,experiments were conducted in Jingzhou,Hubei province from 2021 to 2022,with no diatomite and nitrogen as control(CK).The yield,its components and nitrogen use efficiency were measured and analyzed.The results showed that,compared with CK,Si treatment had no significant effect on rice yield.But compare with N,N+Si treatment significantly increased the yield by 39.26%and 19.80%in 2021 and 2022,respectively.The higher yield observed for N+Si treatment were attributed to higher effective panicle number,seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight.In addition,compared with CK,Si,N and N+Si treatments significantly increased the above-ground dry matter accumulation at rice maturation,in the order of N+Si>N>Si>CK.Compared with N,N+Si treatment significantly improved the nitrogen recovery efficiency,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity,but significantly reduced the nitrogen harvest index.In summary,the combination of diatomite and nitrogen fertilizer can significantly improve the yield,biomass and nitrogen fertilizer utilization of rice in the Jianghan plain.