预防性食品安全观的实践审视与反思

On the Concept of Preventive Food Safety

从1997年《刑法》到2015年《食品安全法》的修订,风险预防逐渐成为我国食品安全法治建设的显著特征,预防性食品安全观也随着国家食品安全战略的实施而得以成型。然而,预防原则主导下的食品安全治理具有不可避免的内在缺陷和法治风险,应当注意因法律修改频繁、保障机制不足以及法律工具主义影响而引起的执法困境。为此,在坚持预防原则的前提下,食品安全规范修订应当遵循比例原则和法益保护原则,注意部门法规范之间及其与司法解释的协调统一。同时,通过完善食品安全标准、拓宽食品安全风险评估机制的实践应用等强化制度供给。

From the Criminal Law of 1997 to the Food Safety Law of 2015,risk prevention has become a key aspect of the development of food safety rule of law in China,and the concept of preventive food safety has also formed.However,food safety governance under the precautionary principle has inevitably inherent defects and risks of rule of law.In addition,frequent legal revisions,insufficient safeguard mechanisms,and legal instrumentalism result in a dilemma for law enforcement.Therefore,the law revision should not only abide by the principle of proportionality and the principle of legal protection based on the precautionary principle,but also ensure the harmonization b etween departmental laws and regulations with judicial interpretation.At the same time,it is necessary to strengthen system supply by improving food safety standards and expanding the application scope of food safetyrisk assessment mechanisms.