日语「前·後」不对称现象的量化考察与认知分析

Quantitative investigation and cognitive analysis of the asymmetry of 前 and 後 in Japanese

在认知语言学理论的指导下,基于辞典和语料库,从构词和使用频率两个方面对日语「前?後」的不对称性展开量化考察,并在此基础上分析不对称现象产生的原因。研究发现,「前·後」的不对称现象非常普遍,不仅大多数「前?後」构成的词缺乏对称项,而且两者的使用频率也不对称——「前」的使用频率比「後」高,调查还发现意义和文体对于「前·後」的不对称性都有影响。不对称现象产生的原因可以归结到生理原因、时空隐喻模式的选择、运用的需求、文化的影响等,是各种因素综合作用的结果。

Under the guidance of cognitive linguistics theory,based on the dictionary and corpus,the asymmetry of Japanese前and後is quantitatively examined from two aspects:word formation and frequency of use.Based on this,the reasons of the asymmetry phenomenon are analyzed.The study found that the asymmetry of前and後is very common.Not only do most of the words including前and後lack symmetry,but the frequency of use is also asymmetrical-the frequency of前is higher than that of後.The survey also found that meanings and article genres both have an impact on the asymmetry of前and後.The causes of asymmetry can be attributed to physiological reasons,the choice of spacetime metaphor patterns,the needs of application,the influence of culture,etc.,which are the result of the combined effects of various factors.