欧洲难民治理的困境及其对欧洲一体化的影响

The European Refugee Crisis and Its Challenges to the Future of European Integration

难民危机是欧盟面临的多重危机中最为复杂却难以治理的危机之一。欧洲当前出现的难民危机是"阿拉伯之春"以及叙利亚战争以来西亚北非地区持续动荡的余波,也是西方长期介入该地区事务的必然结果。面对难民危机,欧盟及其成员国疲于应对,欧盟制度的脆弱性不断暴露,具体表现在对难民的收容和治理、对难民分摊制度的回应以及应对难民危机的资金提供等方面,欧盟各成员国在道义和国家现实利益之间的矛盾突出。在多重危机作用下,欧盟成员国的民粹主义思潮抬头,民众的疑欧、脱欧倾向日益增强,这些现象最终成为影响英国脱欧以及欧盟成员国内部传统政党式微和极右翼民粹主义势力抬头的重要因素。难民危机暴露出欧盟内部运转机制出现问题,欧盟制度改革迫在眉睫。欧洲一体化进程在难民危机冲击下受到新的挑战,虽然2017年以来难民规模得到一定程度上的控制,难民危机逐步缓解,但随着欧洲政治版图的新变化,欧盟的难民政策走向及对欧洲一体化的影响仍值得关注。

The serious refugee crisis Europe faces is a result of the continued turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa since the Arab Spring and the Syrian War.It is also the inevitable result of the long-term involvement of the West in this area,and it represents a pushback against the impact of the West.Although the European countries are trying hard to cope with the crisis by attempting to forge consensus at the EU level and introduce a unified refugee policy,the fragility of the EU system becomes even more pronounced.The contradiction between moral obligations and self-interests is increasingly laid bare as member states disagree over the reception and management of refugees,the allocation scheme,and the provision of funds.Under the influence of multiple crises,populism is on the rise in EU member states as radical political parties,groups and segments of the public express doubt about the EU and even the intention to withdraw from it.These are important factors that have led to Brexit,the failure of traditional political parties and the rise of the far-right populist forces in EU states,highlighting problems with the internal mechanisms of the EU and the pressing need to reform the system.Therefore,the process of European integration has been challenged by the refugee crisis.Although this crisis has gradually eased since 2017 with the scale of refugees under control,the EU’s refugee policy and its impact on European integration is worthy of continued attention given the changes in the European political landscape.