昆明市交通污染状况十年的比较研究

Comparative Research of 10-year Traffic Pollusion in Kunming

为了解昆明市十年来交通污染状况的变化，于１９８６年４月和１９９６年４月分别对该市的交通污染状况进行了调查对该市市区三个主要交通路口进行了每天３次，连续７ｄ的监测：计数每小时机动车流量，并对大气污染物和噪声进行了测定结果：１９９６年三个路口每小时机动车流量比１９８６年平均增加了２０９～２７７倍（Ｐ＜００１）；大气中ＮＯｘ，ＣＯ的浓度比１９８６年增高，其中ＮＯｘ的增高有显著性意义（Ｐ＜００５），而悬浮颗粒物浓度比１９８６年降低（Ｐ＜００１），但仍然超过国家标准；各点等效声级平均分别增长０８～２４ｄＢ（Ａ）（Ｐ值００７８～０００２）本研究结果表明，１０ａ来该市机动车流量剧增，导致机动车废气和噪声污染加重；

To compare 10-year changes of traffic pollusion in Kunming surveys were conducted here respectively in April, 1986 and in April, 1996. Three major traffic crossings were chosen to be monitered 3 times a day for 7 days on end. The number of automobile passing by the crossings were counted and the air pollutants and noise level were measured. Result: The flowing number of automobile at the crossings increased by 2.09 ～ 2.77 times (P<0.01) in 1996 over that in 1986; the concentrations of NOx and CO in the air exceeded the 1986 figures, with NOx increase indicating a noticeable significance (P<0.05); in comparison with those of 1986, the suspending particles decreased (P<0.01), but they still exceeded the national standard; and the noise levels at the three crossings were raised by 0.8 ～ 2.4 dB(A) in 1996 (P<0.05). Our research results indicate that the dramatically-increasing vehicle number does worsen the exhaust and noise pollusions from automobile and that the city air pollusiton is characteristic mainly by traffic pollution. 