论个人破产中豁免财产范围的确定

Determination of the Scope of Exempted Property in Personal Insolvency

个人破产立法的首要目标是保障债务人的生存权和发展权,因此所有有关个人破产制度的设计,应有助于该目标的实现。豁免财产是个人破产中最重要、最独特的制度之一,也是救济个人债务人最重要的机制之一。如何划定豁免财产的范围,是豁免财产制度的核心和关键。尽管不同的国家基于经济发展水平、社会、文化、政治等因素不同,在确定豁免财产范围时会有差异,但是保障债务人及其家人的生存权与发展权仍然是其首要基本原则,同时必须以适度保障为限,并保障对债务人具有专属意义的财产。在确定豁免财产范围的具体确定方式上,可从财产种类和财产价值两个角度进行,但允许不同国家采取不同的确定方法。我国个人破产立法中对豁免财产的确定也应在上述基本原则下,选择适合中国国情的确定豁免财产范围的方式和构成。

The primary goal of personal insolvency legislation is to guarantee the debtor’s right to subsistence and development right.Therefore,the design of all personal insolvency regime should contribute to the achievement of that objective.Exemption of property is one of the most important and unique rules in personal insolvency,and it is also one of the most important mechanisms to relieve individual debtors.How to delineate the scope of the exempted property is the core and key to the system of exemption from property.Although different countries,based on different levels of economic development,social,cultural,political and other factors,share differences in determining the scope of immunity from property,the guarantee of the right to subsistence and development of debtors and their families remains its primary basic principle,and must be limited to appropriate guarantees and the protection of property of exclusive significance to the debtor.In determining the specific manner by which the scope of the exempted property is determined,it may be carried out from two angles,namely the type of property and the value of the property,but it shall allow different states to adopt different methods of determination.The determination of exempted property in the personal bankruptcy legislation of our country should also choose the way and composition that is suitable for China’s domestic conditions to determine the scope of exempted property under the above basic principles.