证候名称及分类研究的回顾与假设的提出

Research on TCM Syndrome Nomenclature and Classification: Review and Hypothesis

辨证论治是中医临床医学的精髓 ,然而证候相关名称与分类亟待规范。我国证候研究起始于5 0年代 ,80年代又展开了中医证候规范化的研究工作。但至今证候分类、证候的命名、证候的诊断均尚未统一。根本原因在于中医的证候诊断系统是一个非线性的复杂巨系统。通过对此前已经进行的证候研究的大量文献学调研 ,吸收“中风病证候诊断标准”课题组的工作经验 ,提出如下假设 :将证候进行降维升阶的分解处理 ,根据“外感六淫”、“内生五气”、“气相关”、“血相关”、“阴阳相关”、“其他”等 6类提取出适当的证候因素共 2 9个 ,并对这些证候因素的诊断进行规范 ,然后将这些规范了的证候因素交给使用者 ,由他们在临床使用时进行自由的交叉组合。希望能以此为证候研究提供一种新方法。

Although the syndrome differentiation and the treatment according to the differentiated syndromes are the essence of the clinical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), both the terms for differentiated syndromes and the classification of the differentiated syndromes need to be standardized urgently. In China, the research of TCM syndrome differentiation started in 1950s and in 1980s, the research on the standardization of TCM syndromes was launched. But up to now, yet the classification, nomenclature and diagnostics of TCM syndromes have not been unified, the reason of which is that the diagnostic system of TCM syndromes is a complicated nonlinear macrosystem. According to the results of their literature research and the experience of the Research Group of the Diagnostic Standardization of TCM Syndromes of Apoplexy, the authors of this paper have raised the following hypothesis: by a decomposition and analysis method, 29 syndrome factors can be extracted from the six major categories of TCM syndromes, namely, the syndromes due to the six exopathogens, syndromes due to the five endogenous pathogens, syndromes related to qi, syndromes related to the blood, syndromes related to yin and yang, and the syndromes related to other pathogens. Then, these 29 syndrome factors can be handed to TCM practitioners after they are standardized, and the TCM practitioners can make flexible cross-combinations of these syndrome factors when they make syndrome differentiation in their clinical practice. The authors of this paper hope that they can provide a new approach for the research of TCM syndromes.