维持性血液透析患者口腔干燥的现状及影响因素分析

The status and influencing factors of xerostomia in maintenance hemodialysis patients

目的调查维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者口腔干燥的现状及其影响因素。方法采用随机抽样方法,选取徐州医科大学附属连云港医院2017年9月至10月114例MHD患者为研究对象。采用自行设计的调查表收集患者一般资料和疾病相关资料,采用简化版口腔干燥量表(summated xerostomia inventory,SXI)、焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS),评估患者口腔干燥状况、焦虑及抑郁。结果 48例(42. 1%) MHD患者发生口腔干燥,平均为(10. 0±6. 2)分。MHD患者发生口腔干燥影响因素为透析前收缩压增高、无残余肾功能、焦虑情绪、抑郁情绪(P <0. 05)。结论口腔干燥是MHD患者常见的并发症,透析前收缩压增高、无残余肾功能、焦虑、抑郁是其影响因素。积极控制血压在正常水平,保护残余肾功能,提高透析充分性,分析患者焦虑、抑郁情绪出现的原因,采取针对性的心理疏导,以减轻MHD患者口腔干燥状况,提高生活质量。

Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of xerostomia in maintenance hemodialysis( MHD) patients. Methods A random sampling method was used to select 114 patients with MHD from September to October of 2017 in Grade 3 A Hospital of Lianyungang City. Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic and clinical variables,Summated Xerostomia Inventory( SXI) for xerostomia,Self-Rating Anxiety Scale( SAS) and Self-Rating Depression Scale( SDS) for mentation. Results A total of 48 MHD patients( 42. 1%) suffered xerostomia,and the average score was 9. 77 ± 6. 22. Xerostomia was associated with systolic pressure before dialysis,no residual renal function,anxiety and depression( P < 0. 05). Conclusions Xerostomia is a common complication in MHD patients. Its influencing factors might be no redidual renal function,increased systolic pressure before dialysis,anxiety and depression. To control blood pressure at normal level,to protect residual renal function,to improve dialysis adequacy,to analyze the causes of anxiety and depression in patients and take appropriate psychological counseling can alleviate the xerostomia and improve the quality of life in MHD patients.