项目制下的“政府—农民”共事行为分析——基于东北特拉河镇的长时段观察

Analysis of Working-together Behavior between Grassroots Government and Peasants under Project System: Based on a Long-term Survey in Telahe Town,Northeast China

项目制与项目现象的研究近些年成为学界的热点,文章以东北某农业乡镇——特拉河镇的大鹅产业项目为例,分析了项目制下乡镇政府与农民的共事行为。乡镇政府借助项目资金形成对农户的相对优势地位,引导农户参与到政府规划的项目活动中,在项目支持下,双方形成共事关系。但随着项目产品产生的政府效用下降,乡镇政府会减少项目扶持乃至中止项目,双方的共事行为也随之消解。项目共事的过程完全受政府主导控制,一旦农民选择参与项目活动,继续共事是其最有效的策略,但受政府突然撤资的冲击,农民被迫退出项目,将使得项目资金支持下农户经营的项目活动急剧萎缩。项目制引发的政府—农民共事行动能够在短时间内打造一批反响良好的项目,但在这种共事格局下,容易导致项目短命化,乡镇政府与农民之间亦无法建立长期的合作关系。

In recent years,researches on the project system and project phenomenon are becoming hot and hot in academia. This paper,taking the goose industry in Talahe Town as example,analyzes the working-together behavior between local town government and peasants under the project system. With project funds,town government is more dominant than peasants,so it could guide peasants to participate in project activities planned by government. In the goose industry project,the town government and the peasants form a working-together relationship. However,with the reduction of its utility,the town government would decrease input and even suspend the project,then the working-together relationship would vanish consequently. The process of project is fully dominated by government. Once peasants choose to join the project,their most effective strategy is continuing working with the government. Once the government withdraws from the project,the peasants have to retreat,thus the scale of project will shrink. This kind of working-together relationship between grassroots government and peasants can create numbers of high-praised projects in a short time,but it would also cause projects to be short-lived. As a result,the cooperative relationship between grassroots government and peasants cannot be long-term.