中美贸易争端对中国农业的影响及启示

The Impacts and Enlightenments on China's Agriculture From the Sino-US Trade War

近些年来中美之间贸易摩擦不断,2018年3月,美国又根据"301调查"结果正式宣布对中国进口的600亿美元商品征收关税,从而引发了中美贸易战。美国掀起贸易战的表面成因是中美之间长期存在的贸易不平衡和巨额的贸易逆差问题,实则贸易逆差并不是中美贸易战的真正成因,在愈演愈烈的中美贸易战背后,是美国对中国崛起的忌惮和遏制,是美国在全球战略上针对中国的一种竞争,核心目的在于打压"中国制造2025"强国计划,以此维护美国在高新技术产业方面的优势地位。在中美贸易结构中,农产品贸易是美国对中国具有出口优势的重要双边贸易领域,故中国则主要以对美国进口农产品征税作为博弈筹码,这对中国的农产品贸易和农业生产也造成了一定影响,但影响程度有限。贸易摩擦也暴露出中国农业的一些问题,即作为农业大国的中国,某些农产品国内供给不足,依赖进口程度高,为此,中国应积极推动农业产业结构调整和农业科技创新,进一步扩大农业对外开放的水平,同时健全中国的农业贸易政策体系,并抓住本次贸易战后重新谈判的契机,争取参与制定出更加公平合理的国际农业贸易投资新规则。

In recent years,trade frictions between China and the United States have been frequent.In March2018,the United States officially announced the imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports of 60 billion US dollars based on the results of the'301 investigation',which triggered the Sino-US trade war.The surface inducement of the US trade war is a long-standing trade imbalance between China and the United States and a huge trade deficit.However,through analysis,the trade deficit is not the real cause of the Sino-US trade war.In fact,behind the growing Sino-US trade war,it is the fear and suppress from the United States against China’s rise and development,it is a kind of competition that the United States targets China in the global strategy.The core purpose is to suppress the'Made in China 2025'plan.China’s countermeasure is mainly the taxation of imported agricultural products from the United States.This has also had a certain impact on China’s agricultural trade,but the impact is limited.At the same time,the trade war has also exposed certain problems in China’s agriculture,that as a large agricultural country,China has faced the problem of insufficient domestic supply on certain agricultural products and relies heavily on imports.For that,China should actively promote structural reform on agriculture,promote scientific and technological innovation and expand agricultural opening up in the future,at the same time,China should also improve its agricultural trade policy system,and seize the opportunity of this trade war to renegotiate new fair and reasonable rules of international agricultural trade and investment to solve these problems.