舍饲和放牧饲养对藏猪营养成分影响分析

Effects of house feeding and grazing on the nutritional composition of Tibetan pork

为检测不同饲养方式对藏猪肉营养成分的影响,选择舍饲和放牧饲养的300日龄藏猪18头,取背最长肌测定其氨基酸、脂肪酸及微量矿物元素含量。结果表明:舍饲组藏猪谷氨酸含量显著低于放牧组(P<0.05),甘氨酸、丙氨酸及鲜味氨基酸总量极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01),且两组必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(MEAA/MTAA)都在40%左右,必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(MEAA/MNEAA)都高于60%,都达理想蛋白要求;舍饲组多不饱和脂肪酸与必需脂肪酸总量极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01),膳食推荐MPUFA/MSFA最好高于0.4,放牧组藏猪高于0.45,达理想值。通过微量矿物元素含量检测发现舍饲组锌和铬含量极显著低于放牧组(P<0.01),硒含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。综上,放牧饲养藏猪脂肪酸组成好,肉质风味优于舍饲饲养藏猪。

In order to analysis the effects of different feeding methods on the nutritional composition of Tibetan pork,18 300-day-old Tibetan pigs were selected for feeding and grazing.The longissimus dorsi muscle of pig was sampled for amino acid,fatty acid and trace mineral elements analysis.The results showed that the glutamate content of the pigs in the house feeding group was significantly lower than that in the grazing group(P<0.05)and its total amount of umami amino acids,glycine and alanine were significantly lower in the grazing group(P<0.01).In addition,the MEAA/MTAA ratio of both groups were around 40%and MEAA/MNEAA was higher than 60%,which met the ideal protein requirements.The total amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in the feeding group were significantly lower than those in the grazing group(P<0.01).The dietary recommendation MPUFA/MSFA was preferably higher than 0.4,and the grazing group was higher than 0.45,which was the ideal ratio.The results of trace mineral elements analysis showed that the content of zinc and chromium in the feeding group was significantly lower than that in the grazing group(P<0.01),and the selenium content was significantly higher than that in the grazing group(P<0.05).In summary,the grazing feeding Tibetan pork had a better fatty acid composition and flesh flavor than those of the house feeding pigs.