滇池微生物解磷与聚磷作用的实验研究及磷的现代沉积与微生物成矿作用

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON PHOSPHORUS DECOMPOSING AND CONCENTRATING OF MICROORGANISM IN DIANCHI LAKE:AN EXAMPLE OF MODERN PHOSPHORUS DEPOSITION AND MICROORGANISM MINERALIZATION

滇池是世界上磷质来源最丰富的湖泊,是研究磷的现代沉积和微生物对磷循环作用及微生物成矿的天然场所。研究发现,滇池微生物种群和数量繁多,但能对磷溶解、转化、迁移、聚集、沉积的微生物主要有解磷菌和聚磷菌两类。这两类微生物与滇池磷的含量之间有一系列规律的相关性:在底泥磷高含量区域,解磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成负相关关系,与水体磷含量成正相关关系,而聚磷菌的种群和数量与底泥磷含量成正相关关系,与水体磷含量成负相关关系;在底泥磷低含量区域,上述相关性则相反。滇池中这种活着的微生物在自然环境条件下对磷的溶解、转化、迁移、聚集和沉积的作用,对古磷块岩微生物成矿说提供了可靠的依据,而且对以磷为限制性因子的湖、海、江河环境污染的防治提供了理论资料。

The Dianchi lake is one of the most phosphorus sources rich lakes in the world. It can serve as an ideal place for researching on the modern deposition of phosphorus and the influence of microorganism on phosphorus cycling and mineralization.In the course of investigation into the modern deposition of phosphorus in the lake. Among various microorganisms in Dianchi lake, two kinds of microorganisms,e.g. the phosphorusdecomposing bacteria and the phosphorumconcentrating bacteria, have the capacity of dissolving,translating,transforming and concentrating phosphorus.These two kinds of bacteria have a systematic link with the content of phosphorus in the Dianchi lake.In the case of the high phosphorus content of the bottom sludge of the lake,the number and population of the phosphorusdecomposing bacteria vary inversely with the phosphoruscontent of the sludge and directly with the phosphoruscontent of the water body. On the contrast, that of phosphorusconcentrating bacteria varies directly with the phosphorus content of the sludge and inversely with the phosphorus content of the water body. In the case of the low phosphorus content the bottom sludge,the numher and population of the phophorusdecomposing bacteria and the phosphorusconcentrating bacteria play in a practically opposite ways to the case of high phosphorus contant of the bottomsludge of the lake. All this shows that when the population of the phosphorusdecomposing bacteria overruns that of the phosphorusconcentrating bacteria, the phosphorus will migrate from the bottom sludge to the water body, when the population of the phosphorusconcentrating bacteria overuns that of the phosphorusdecomposing bacteria, the phosphorus will move from the water body to the bottom sludge and finally cause microorganism mineralization.It is convincingly proved that the activities of microorganism play an important role in the phosphorus cycling of Dianchi lake.This would be beneficial to understanding the formation of phosphorite rocks and to protecting the seas, rivers and lakes from phosphorus pollution.