论个人破产余债免除制度在我国的适应性及其构建

On the Adaptability and Construction of Individual Bankruptcy Residual Debt Exemption System in China

余债免除是个人破产法的核心,其出现和兴起是现代破产法发展的重要标志。该制度赋予诚实债务人重新开始的机会,使其从过去的财务状况中解脱出来。我国目前正在研究推进建立个人破产法,在制定该法的同时亦宜采纳余债免除制度,这既顺应现代破产法的价值目标和发展趋势,也符合我国社会经济发展的实际需要,尤其有助于解决'执行难'等现实问题,而且我国也已具备采纳该机制的制度和社会基础。同时,为防止该机制被滥用,应设计严格的适用规则,尤其是关于限制性条件的规定,以实现平衡债权人与债务人利益之功能。如规则设计得当,余债免除制度的适用不仅不会损害债权人的利益,反而会给债权人提供二次获得清偿的机会,而且对社会整体福利有益。

Residual debt exemption is the core of individual bankruptcy law,and its emergence and rise are important symbols of the development of modern bankruptcy law.The system gives honest debtors a fresh start and frees them from their past financial situation.At present,China is studying and promoting the establishment of the individual bankruptcy law.While formulating the law,it is also appropriate to adopt the residual debt exemption system.This not only conforms to the value goal and development trend of the modern bankruptcy law,but also meets the actual needs of China’s social and economic development,and especially helps to solve the practical problems such as'difficulty in execution'.Besides,China has the system and social basis to adopt the mechanism.At the same time,in order to prevent the abuse of this mechanism,strict applicable rules,especially the provisions on restrictive conditions,should be designed to balance the interests of creditors and debtors.If the rules are properly designed,the application of the residual debt exemption system will not harm the interests of creditors,but provide the creditors with a second chance to obtain repayment,and is beneficial to the overall welfare of the society.