农村贫困地区新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗扶贫工作效果分析

Analysis of Efficacy of HB Vaccine Supporting Program in Newborns in the Poor Areas of China

20 0 0年始 ,中国肝炎防治基金会在 11个省 (自治区 ) 2 1个贫困县开展了重组乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗的新生儿免疫。 2 0 0 1年 8月底以随机抽样的方法 ,对 2 1个县抽查了 5 4 0 7对 2 0 0 0年出生的婴儿及其母亲的指血 ,用胶体金纸条法检测血清乙肝病毒表面抗原 (HBsAg) ,并对疫苗接种率、全程接种率、第 1针及时接种率以及分娩情况做了调查。结果表明 :全程接种率为出生儿童的 94 0 5 % ,第 1针及时接种率为 75 74 % ,保护率 86 2 3%。婴儿HBsAg下降到 0 72 % ,效果极好。 2 1个县中有 14个县 (6 6 7% )疫苗保护率平均为 94 6 % ,有 7个县 (33 3% )疫苗保护率平均为70 2 9%。其保护率低的原因主要是住院分娩率低 ,第 1针及时接种率低和对基层医生宣传不够等诸因素造成的。

Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control had initiated a HB vaccine supporting program at the beginning of 2000 for all the newborns born in 21 poor counties of 11 provinces. At the end of August 2001,a total of 5407 pairs of blood samples collected from vaccinated infants and their mathers were tested for serum HBsAg by using colloidal gold stripes. We also investigated the immunization coverage rate,the full course vaccination rate and the timely vaccine injecting rate,as well as the delivery place of pregnancies.The results indicated that the full course vaccination rate was 94.05%,the first timely injecting rate was 75.74%,the vaccine protective rate was 86.23% and the infants' HBsAg positive rate decreased to 0.72%.The HB vaccine effect was excellent.While the average protective rate of HB vaccine was 70.29% in 33.30%(7/21)of the counties surveyed,it was 94.60% in 66.70%(14/21)of the counties. The key unfavorable factors resposible were the untimely injection of the first HB vaccine dose,the high rate of family delivery and the insufficient education of grass root doctors,as comparing with that of the highly educated counties.