父母教育期望与教育投入的性别差异——基于中国教育追踪调查的实证研究

Gender Differences in Parental Educational Expectations and Input: Empirical Research based on the Chinese Education Panel Survey

使用中国教育追踪调查(CEPS)基线数据,通过对比父母教育期望与教育投入的一致性,从父母对子女的教育期望、货币性的家庭教育支出和非货币性的父母陪伴时间三个维度分别讨论了现有性别差异的来源。研究发现,父母表现出对男孩的'高期望、低投入'和对女孩的'低期望、高投入'。进一步分析认为,父母对女孩更低的平均教育期望来源于较低的研究生学历期望,而对女孩更高的教育投入则源于更多的课外补习带来的家庭教育支出和父母陪伴时间。对独生和非独生样本的分类研究发现,教育期望和教育投入的性别差异主要产生于教育资源相对充足的独生家庭内,在非独生家庭则不显著。研究建议,在未来全面放开生育的背景下,应注重引导父母对子女的教育期望和教育投入,促进教育资源分配的性别平等。

Based on the baseline data of Chinese Education Panel Survey(CEPS),this paper compares the consistency between parental educational expectations and input,and discusses the sources of gender differences from three dimensions:parental educational expectations,family educational expenditures(monetary)and parents’accompanying time(non-monetary).The study found that parents showed'high expectations and low inputs'to boys and'low expectations and high inputs'to girls.Further analysis shows that the lower average educational expectations for girls are derived from parents’lower expectations for girls to achieve a graduate degree,while the higher educational input for girls comes from more family education expenditures and parents’accompanying time in the extra-curricular tutoring.In the classification study of single-child and nonsingle-child samples,it is found that gender differences in educational expectations and inputsare mainly generated in the single-child families with relatively sufficient educational resources,while it is not significant in the non-single-child families.The study suggests that given the loosening of birth controlin the future,attention should be paid to guiding parental educational expectations and inputs for their children,and promoting gender equality in the distribution of educational resources.