种子耐贮性研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS ON THE SEED STORABILITY

从温度、水分、气体组分、化学物质、物理因素、遗传因素、休眠特性及种子成熟度和硬实度等方面,阐述了种子耐贮性研究的现状,并指出在种子耐贮性研究方面存在的不足和今后应注意的问题.温度是影响种子寿命的重要因素之一,高温能使种子快速劣变,低温贮种仍是现今种子贮存的主要方法;冷冲击和热激处理对某些种子的采后生理病害有明显的抑制作用,对种子贮存有一定意义;种子含水量和贮藏环境湿度影响种子的贮藏寿命,一般超干贮藏能有效提高种子的耐贮性,但不同种子贮藏时的最适含水量有差别;贮藏环境的气体组分及比例对种子贮性的影响因种子的种类而异;化学物质对种子耐贮性的影响有待进行广泛深入的研究;遗传因子和休眠特性是影响种子贮藏寿命的内在因素,不同物种或不同品种之间由于遗传因子和休眠特性的不同,耐贮性差异显著.因此,提高种子贮藏寿命不仅要在物理和化学条件的控制、处理方面进行研究,还应在育种方面开展广泛深入的研究.

In the paper the author gives a brief account of research progress on the seed storability and put forward the problem that be noticed in research in the future.Temperature is one of the important factors of influencing the seed longevity.High temperature can make seeds to be fast bad,low temperature to store seeds is still main method nowadays.Cold and hot stimulation can obviously restrain physiological disease of the seed.Water content of the seed and environmental humidity influence the seed longevity.Generally speaking,the seed storability can be promoted efficiently in superdry environment,but being stored different seed need different moisture content.Different gas component and proportion have different influence on the seed longevity.Chemical material that store seeds need a extensively and profoundly research.Genetic factor and dormancy characteristic are inherent factors to influence the seed longevity. During to different genetics factor and dormancy characteristic between different species or varieties,the seed storability are different.To raise seed storability should be done extensively and profoundly not only on physical and chemical condition but also in breeding.