广东省三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染情况调查与分析

Survey and analysis on the infection status of freshwater parasites in salmon in Guangdong province

目的对广东省养殖及市售各环节三文鱼(本文泛指鲑科鱼类)的淡水寄生虫感染状况进行调查,分析广东省居民生食三文鱼感染淡水寄生虫的风险。方法在广州、深圳及佛山市的市售环节共采集三文鱼生155份;在广东省2个养殖场、青海省1个养殖场共采集鳟鱼肉样品84份并对养殖场进行环境卫生调查。对采集的三文鱼肉样品,用酶消化法检测致病性淡水寄生虫。采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果采自养殖、流通及餐饮环节的三文鱼样品共239份,使用酶消化法均未检出华支睾吸虫囊蚴等致病性寄生虫。养殖环境调查显示,3家养殖场环境总体良好,均无人为的粪便污染渠道,其中1家周边可见猫、狗自由出入。结论目前广东省生食三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染风险较低,但仍需持续开展监测及相关研究工作,掌握淡水三文鱼养殖及消费的远期寄生虫感染风险;通过推广三文鱼规范化养殖和鱼生冷冻灭虫处理、加强养殖卫生监管以及饮食卫生宣教等措施,最大程度降低生食三文鱼淡水寄生虫感染风险。

Objective To investigate the infection status of freshwater parasites in aquaculture and commercially available salmon(this article refers to salmonids)in Guangdong province,and analyze the risk of freshwater parasites in raw salmon in Guangdong province.Methods Totally 155 salmon samples of marketing links were collected from Guangzhou,Shenzhen,and Foshan city;84 rainbow trout and golden trout samples were collected in 2 aquafarms inside Guangdong province and 1 aquafarm in Qinghai province,and the environmental surveys of these farms wereconducted.For all collected salmon samples,pathogenic freshwater parasites were examined by enzymatic digestion method.Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS20.0 software.Results A total of 239 salmon samples were collected from the breeding,distribution and catering sectors.No pathogenic parasites such as Clonorchis sinensis were detected by enzymatic digestion.The survey of aquaculture environment showed that the environment of the 3 farms was generally good,and there were no channels of fecal pollution,but 1 of them could see free access to cats and dogs.Conclusion At present,the risk of freshwater parasitic infections of raw salmon in Guangdong is low,but monitoring and related research work is still needed to grasp the risk of long-term parasitic infections of freshwater salmon farming and consumption.We can minimize the risk of freshwater parasite infection of raw salmon by promoting salmon standardized culture and fish freezing and pest control and strengthening aquaculture health supervision and food hygiene education and other measures.