不同品种软枣猕猴桃品质指标的主成分分析

Principal Component Analysis of Quality Indexes of Different Varieties of Actinidia arguta

通过测定不同品种软枣猕猴桃的外观品质、营养成分等指标,并对其进行对比与分析,为不同品种软枣猕猴桃的合理选择及加工利用提供研究基础。以辽宁省丹东市同一栽培地的8个主栽品种的软枣猕猴桃为研究对象,采用国标法分别测定不同品种果实的外观品质、营养成分等13项指标,利用主成分分析法对不同品种软枣猕猴桃的13项指标进行分析。结果表明:不同品种软枣猕猴桃之间存在着较为明显的差异,其中色度值、果型指数、可滴定酸、结合型总黄酮的变异系数较大。LD241的饱和度最大,色度值为4.724;大龙二的果型指数值最大,其数值为1.779;金香玉含有的可滴定酸最高,其数值为2.68 mg/100 g;野生果的结合型黄酮含量最高,其数值为85.01 mg/100 g。通过主成分分析法进行分析可得,第一主成分由DPPH自由基清除率、黄酮、维生素C等指标决定,表现出显著的抗氧化特性;第二主成分主要由可滴定酸决定,表现出独特的口味特性和加工特性;第三主成分主要由可溶性固形物决定,表现出独特的营养特性,第四主成分由色度值决定,表现出独特的外观品质。其累积方差贡献率的值可达91.962%。因此,主成分分析法可充分反应不同品种软枣猕猴桃的优质特性,可作为不同品种软枣猕猴桃果实品质特性的评价方法。

In order to provide the research foundation for rational development and utilization of Actinidia arguta,by comparing and analyzing indexes of appearance and nutrition of the different varieties of Actinidia arguta,the appearance quality and nutrient component of 8 kinds of Actinidia arguta from same cultivated land of Liaoning province were measured by Chinese standard method and its 13 quality indexes were evaluated by principal component analysis.The results indicated that there were different quality among different kinds of Actinidia arguta. The variable coefficient of value of chromatism,fruit shape index,titratable acid,combined total flavonoids were large. LD241 had the maximum color saturation and the chromatic value was 4.724.The maximum value of the fruit shape index was 1.779 from big Longer. The highest content of titratable acid was2.68 mg/100 g from Jinxiangyu.The highest content of flavonoids was 85.01 mg/100 g from wild fruit.The principal component analysis showed that the first principal component was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrayl,flavonoids,vitamin C and so on,which showed significant antioxidant properties. The second principal component was mainly determined by titratable acids,which showed flavor and processing characteristics. The third principal component was mainly determined by soluble solids,which showed nutritional characteristics. The fourth principal component was determined by the color value,which showed appearance quality. The value of its cumulative variance contribution rate was as high as 91.962%.Therefore,the principal component analysis could be regarded as a good method to evaluate the different Actinidia arguta high-quality features.