摘要
The D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA was sequenced from ethanol specimens or obtained from the literature to provide the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Phylogenetic relationships were established by comparing the results using two different methods (distance-based neighbor-joining, NJ; and maximum parsimony, MP) and three different outgroups. The monophyly of the Euphorinae is well supported by all trees generated from molecular data. All phylogenetic reconstructions yielded trees with very similar topologies that only partially resolved the morphologically defined tribes and the relationships within the subfamily. We found no evidence for the monophyletic natures of the tribes Euphorini, Dinocampini, Perilitini, Syntretini, Comsophorini and Centisitini, but we did find some evidence for the tribes Meteorini and Microctonini. The monophyletic nature of the tribe Meteorini was well-supported in all trees. We also found the clade containing the Lecythodella, Microctonus, Orionis and Streblocera to be a monophyletic group, which corresponded to the tribe Microtonini, with Orionis transferred from the tribe Euphorini into Microtonini. Among the genera of Euphorini our results showed strong support for a paraphyletic nature of this group, which can be roughly divided into two clades, one consisting of Aridelus + Wesmaelia, the other of Leiophron + Peristenus, suggesting both of which may be given tribal rank. The placement of the genus Chrysopophorus is largely uncertain. Two clades, Dinocampus + Perilitus and Cosmophorus + Rhopalophorus, were constantly resolved in our analyses, with 42-96 and 97-100 bootstrap value support, respectively, suggesting that both of them form monophyletic groups. For members of the Centistini, Pygostolus may be removed and included in Microctonini or other relative tribe.
本文利用28S rRNA基因D2序列对优茧蜂亚科Euphorinae (昆虫纲Insecta: 膜翅目Hymenoptera: 茧蜂科Braconidae) 进行了分子系统学研究.本研究从95%-100%乙醇浸渍保存的标本中提取基因组DNA,扩增了5种内群种类和2种外群种类的28S rRNA基因D2片段序列并测序(序列已登录GenBank,序列号为AY290719,AY291565~70),利用BLAST搜索相关的同源序列,采用了GenBank中的17个种类的28S rRNA基因D2同源序列,然后据此进行分子分析,利用3个外群(共7个种类)和2种建树方法(距离邻近法distance-based neighbor-joining, NJ和最大简约法maximum-parsimony, MP)分析了优茧蜂亚科内的分子系统发育关系.结果表明,由分子数据产生的不同的分子系统树均显示优茧蜂亚科是一个单系群;亚科内依据形态和生物学特征的分群(族)及其系统发育关系仅得到部分支持;依据形态定义的优茧蜂族Euphorini、瓢虫茧蜂族Dinocampini、缘茧蜂族Perilitini、姬蜂茧蜂族Syntretini、大颚茧蜂族Comsophorini和宽鞘茧蜂族Centistini不是单系,但研究结果支持悬茧蜂族Meteorini和食甲茧蜂族Microctonini是单系的结论.由分子数据产生的所有系统树均表明悬茧蜂族Meteorini(包括悬茧蜂属Meteorus和赛茧蜂属Zele)是一个单系.'细柄茧蜂属Lecythodella+食甲茧蜂属Microctonus+猎户茧蜂属Orionis+长柄茧蜂属Streblocera'构成单系群,即形态学定义的食甲茧蜂族Microctonini.猎户茧蜂属Orionis起初归为优茧蜂族Euphorini,分子分析认为应划归食甲茧蜂族Microctonini.优茧蜂族Euphorini是个并系,可粗略地分为2分支:'蝽茧蜂族Aridelus+魏斯茧蜂属Wesmaelia'和'毛室茧蜂属Leiophron+常室茧蜂属Peristenus'.草蛉茧蜂属Chrysopophorus的位置不明.'瓢虫茧蜂族Dinocampus+缘茧蜂族Perilitus'和'大颚茧蜂属Cosmophorus+绕茧蜂属Rhopalophorus'两分支分别有42-96和97-100的置信值支持,表明各自形成单系群.宽鞘茧蜂族Centistini中的毡腹茧蜂属Pygostolus可能应归入食甲茧蜂族Microctonini或其它相关的族.
基金
The Project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30170120
39970099)
