中国橡胶林下植物物种组成与多样性分析

Undergrowth Plant Species Composition and Diversity of Rubber Plantations in China

为了解中国植胶区林下植物的物种组成和多样性等基本特征。调查了云南、广东和海南的120个100m^2橡胶林样方的植物,并进行数据分析。应用物种丰富度指数(S)、重要值(IV)、Simpson指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener指数(H)和Sorensen系数(Cs)等方法,分析了橡胶林下植物物种组成以及物种多样性。结果表明:1)中国植胶区林下植物共有144科539属916种,其中有禾本科(Gramineae)、大戟科(Euphorbiaceace)、菊科(Compositae)、蝶形花科(Fabaceae)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)、马鞭草科(Verbenaceae)、桑科(Moraceae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)8个优势科。2)林分相似性系数最高的是云南省和广东省、海南和广东省,达0.185,而云南省和海南省相似性系数最低,为0.158。3)海南橡胶林林下植物物种丰富度最高,广东省最低;云南橡胶林林下植物Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,广东省最低。橡胶林与桉树林相比,橡胶林纯林的物种多样性在丰富度指数、Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数上高于桉树林纯林的多样性。

The objective of this paper was to analyze the composition of species and diversity of rubber plantations in China.Plants of 120 plots with an area of 100 m^2 each were sampled and analyzed in the plantations occurring in Yunnan,Guangdong,and Hainan provinces.The understory species composition and diversity of rubber plantations were analyzed by using the species richness(S),importance value(IV),Simpson index(D),Shannon-Wiener index(H)and Sorensen coefficient(Cs).The results showed that:1)there were 916 species,belonging to 539 genera and 144 families in rubber plantations in China.There existed eleven dominant families,i.e.Gramineae,Euphorbiaceace,Compositae,Fabaceae,Rubiaceae,Verbenaceae,Moraceae,Cyperaceae.2)The coefficient of similarity between Yunnan and Guangdong,and Hainan and Guangdong was the highest(0.185),however,it was the lowest(0.158)between Yunnan and Hainan.3)The species richness values of rubber plantations were the highest in Hainan,and the lowest in Guangdong.The Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index values of rubber plantations were the highest in Yunnan,and the lowest in Guangdong.Compared to pure eucalyptus plantation,pure rubber plantation exhibited higher richness index,Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index.