中学生高血压饮食行为因素研究

Study on eating behavior factors of middle-school students with adolescent hypertension

目的初步探讨与青少年高血压相关的饮食行为因素,为制订干预措施提供科学依据。方法根据深圳市中小学生体检结果,选取深圳市某区初高中学生进行高血压病例对照研究,采用调查问卷进行调查分析,logistic回归分析判断中学生高血压与饮食行为因素的关系。结果该地区中学生高血压检出率为1.41%,男生高血压检出率高于女生(1.89%、0.84%,χ2=18.701,P<0.01);初中生高血压检出率与高中生相比较差异无统计学意义(1.67%、1.26%,χ2=2.686,P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,饮食行为中口味偏重、经常吃零食、饮食习惯差为危险因素(OR值分别为1.34、1.93、3.01);蔬菜水果摄入较多为保护因素(OR值为0.52)。结论中学生高血压患病情况不容乐观,多种饮食行为如口味偏重、经常吃零食、不良饮食习惯为其危险因素,而多吃蔬菜水果为其保护因素。

Objective To explore the related factors of eating behavior of middle-school students with adolescent hypertension,so as to provide the evidence for intervention. Methods According to the results of students' health checks,335 middle-school students were selected in a district of Shenzhen City and a case-control study about hypertension was performed by questionnaires,and the relationship between adolescent hypertension and eating behavior was analyzed with logistic regression. Results The detection rate of adolescent hypertension was 1. 41%,boys had higher prevalence than girls( 1. 89% vs. 0. 84%,χ2= 18. 701,P < 0. 01),but there was no significant difference between junior and senior middle-school students( 1. 67% vs. 1. 26%,χ2= 2. 686,P > 0. 05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors were heavy taste,often eating snacks and bad diet habit( OR = 1. 34,1. 93 and 3. 01),and the protective factor was often eating fruits and vegetables( OR = 0. 52). Conclusions The situation of adolescent hypertension is not optimistic. The related eating behaviors such as heavy taste,often eating snacks and bad diet habit are risk factors,and often eating fruits and vegetables are a protective factor.