广东省主要地质灾害发育特点与防治对策

Characteristics of the main geological hazards and their control countermeasures in Guangdong Province

广东省主要地质灾害类型有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降、水土流失等。其中以崩塌、滑坡及地面塌陷为主,多分布在粤东、粤西和粤北等广大中低山区和丘陵区。具有点多面广,活动频繁,危害严重特点。据不完全统计,"九五"期间全省共发生较大规模突发性地质灾害217处,死亡497人,伤597人,直接经济损失约17 43亿元。过量抽取地下水引起的地面沉降主要分布于湛江市区。至2001年,沉降中心最大累计沉降量达178 7mm;工程作用引起的地面沉降(软土地基压缩变形),主要分布在珠江三角洲及潮汕平原地区。地质灾害主要诱发因素是降雨和人类工程经济活动。根据地质环境条件和致灾地质作用特征将全省划分为5个地质灾害区:粤北中低山崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷为主的地质灾害发育区(Ⅰ);粤西低山丘陵滑坡、泥石流灾害、地面塌陷为主地质灾害发育区(Ⅱ);粤东低山丘陵崩塌、滑坡灾害、水土流失为主的地质灾害发育区(Ⅲ);沿海台地平原区软土地基沉降、风暴潮地质灾害发育区(Ⅳ);珠江三角洲平原台地地区软土地基沉降、地面塌陷为主的地质灾害发育区(Ⅴ)。论文还提出了广东省地质灾害防治对策。

The main geological hazards in Guangdong Province include rock fall,landslide,debris flow,land collapse,land subsidence,ground crack and soil erosion.Among them,rock fall,landslide,debris flow and land collapse are the main types of geological hazards,which located at the mountainous and hilly area in the western,northern and eastern of Guangdong Province.The geological hazards have lead to death of 497 people and poverty loss of 11743 billion Yuan (RMB) during 1996～2000s.The land subsidence induced by ground water withrawal located at Zhanjiang City with the maximum subsidence of 1787?mm by the end of the year of 2001s.The land subsidence induced by the foundation compaction located at the Zhujiang Delta plain and Chaozhou\|Shantou plain.All of the geological hazard are induced by the rainfall and human activity(slop cut,ground water withdrawal and foundation compaction).The characteristics of their distribution and influence factors were discussed in detail and 5 zones were then divided over the whole province.The countermeasures of geological hazard prevention have also been proposed in this paper.