机插栽培籼杂交稻的日产量及与株型的关系

The Daily Yield of Medium Hybrid Rice in Machine Transplanting and Its Relationship with Plant Type

【目的】探讨日产量作为中籼杂交稻机插栽培品种筛选指标的可行性,系统研究中籼杂交稻品种株型特征及与日产量的关系,筛选出适宜四川地区机插栽培的高产品种,以期为中籼杂交稻机插高产栽培和育种工作提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以34个中籼杂交稻品种为材料,采用单因素随机区组田间试验收集数据,通过聚类分析、方差分析等方法对机插栽培下中籼杂交稻品种的株型特征及日产量进行研究。【结果】(1)机插栽培不同水稻品种全生育期、日产量及产量差异较大,以2017年为例,供试品种全生育期为141—168 d,以154—164 d的品种为主,占供试品种的82.4%;产量变幅为10 261.05—13 099.34 kg·hm^(-2),天优华占产量最高,宜香3728最低,产量在11 110.90—12 827.15 kg·hm^(-2)范围内的品种占供试品种的76.5%;供试品种的日产量主要分布在67—80 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),占供试品种的82.4%,天优华占、繁优609和晶两优534日产量较高,均超过80 kg·hm^(-2)·d^(-1),但仅占供试品种的8.8%。(2)聚类分析显示,高日产量类型品种占总数的29.4%;中日产量类型占总数的38.2%;低日产量类型占总数的32.4%。(3)与低日产量类型品种相比,高日产量类型品种具有较高的每穗粒数和群体颖花量,且有效穗充足,结实率较高,故其产量较高。(4)不同类型品种株型特征差异较大,相关分析表明株高、秆长、N3节间长、N4节间长、穗长与日产量呈显著或极显著负相关,着粒密度与日产量呈极显著正相关。【结论】日产量可以作为中籼杂交稻机插栽培品种筛选的重要指标之一,日产量较高的品种,其机插适应性较强。株高、秆长适宜,第三、四节间长较短,着粒密度高是高日产量品种的重要株型特征。此外,适宜四川地区机插的中籼杂交稻品种还具有全生育期适中、穗足粒多、群体颖花量和结实率高的基本特征。综合来看,天优华占、繁优609、晶两优534、Y两优1号、C两优华占及F优498是适宜在四川地区机插种植的品种。

【Objective】To explore the feasibility of daily yield as a screening of medium-indica hybrid rice varieties by machine transplanted, systematically study the plant type characteristics of medium-indica hybrid rice varieties and their relationship with daily yield, and screen out high-yield varieties suitable for machine-planting in Sichuan, the theory and practice basis were provided for the high-yield cultivation and breeding of medium-indica hybrid rice.【Method】The 34 planting hybrid rice varieties were used as materials, and the data were collected by single-factor randomized block field experiment, and then the plant type and daily yield of the hybrid rice varieties under machine transplanting were studied by cluster analysis and analysis of variance analysis. 【Result】(1)The whole rice growth period, daily yield and yield of different varieties of machine-planting cultivation were different. The whole growth period of the tested rice varieties was 141-168 d, mainly 154-164 d, accounting for 82.4% of the tested varieties;The yield variation was 10 261.05-13 099.34 kg·hm-2, of which Tianyouhuazhan accounted for the highest yield, Yixiang 3728 was the lowest, the yield in the range of 11 110.90-12 827.15 kg ·hm-2 accounted for 76.5% of the tested varieties;The daily yield of the tested varieties was mainly distributed in the range of 67-80 kg·hm-2·d-1, accounting for 82.4% of the tested varieties. The daily yields of Tianyouhuazhan, Fanyou 609 and Jingliangyou 534 were higher than 80 kg·hm-2·d-1, but only 8.8% of the tested varieties.(2)Cluster analysis showed that 29.4% of the total varieties were high-daily yield, 38.2% were middle-daily yield and 32.4% were low-daily yield.(3) Compared with the low-yield varieties, the high-yield varieties had higher grain per panicle and group spikes, and the effective panicles were sufficient, and the seed setting rate was higher, so the yield was higher.(4) There were significant differences in plant type characteristics of different varieties. Correlation analysis showed that plant height, stalk length, N3 internode length, N4 internode length, panicle length and daily yield were significantly or significantly negative correlation, grain density was significantly positively correlated with daily yield.【Conclusion】The daily yield could be used as one of the important indicators for screening of Chinese cultivars for hybrid rice cultivars, and the varieties with higher daily yields had stronger adaptability. Plant height and stalk length were suitable, and the third and fourth internode lengths were short, and high grain density was an important plant type characteristic of high daily yield varieties. In addition, the medium-indica hybrid rice varieties suitable for machine transplanting in Sichuan also had the basic characteristics of moderate growth period, more spikelets, higher group spikelets and higher seed setting rate. On the whole, Tianyouhuazhan, Fanyou 609, Jingliangyou 534, Y Liangyou 1, C Liangyouhuazhan and F You 498 were suitable for planting in Sichuan.