进口山竹携带南洋臀纹粉蚧甲酸乙酯熏蒸技术研究

Efficacy and phytotoxicity of ethyl formate as fumigant for Planococcus lilacius Cockerell(Pseudococcidae:Planococcus) and import mangosteen fruits

本文研究了甲酸乙酯常温熏蒸对南洋臀纹粉蚧(Planococcus lilacius Cockerell)的杀灭效果及对进口山竹品质的影响。在20℃下,分别使用15、25、35和45 g/m^3甲酸乙酯熏蒸南洋臀纹粉蚧混合虫态和山竹3 h,统计南洋臀纹粉蚧死亡率,测定山竹糖度、酸度、抗坏血酸(VC)、总抗氧化能力(Total Antioxidative Capacity)等品质指标。结果表明,南洋臀纹粉蚧雌成虫较若虫更为耐受,25 g/m^3甲酸乙酯即可全部杀死南洋臀纹粉蚧雌成虫和若虫;且与对照组比较甲酸乙酯熏蒸对山竹品质无明显的影响,仅35、45 g/m^3甲酸乙酯熏蒸会短时间降低山竹VC含量和T-AOC。上述研究表明,甲酸乙酯熏蒸可用于进口山竹携带南洋臀纹粉蚧的检疫处理,20℃下使用25 g/m^3甲酸乙酯熏蒸3 h可做为备选技术指标。

Effect of ethyl formate fumigation on the survival of Planococcus lilacius Cockerell and postharvest quality of import mangosteen fruits were investigated. The mixed life stages of insects and fruits were treated with 15,25,35 and 45 g/m^3 ethyl formate for 3 h at 20℃ respectively,then the mortality of the insects and the fruit quality parameters including sugar,acidity,VC and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)were measured. The results showed that P. lilacius adults were more tolerant than nymph,and 25 g/m^3 ethyl formate was enough to achieve 100% mortality. In the meanwhile,none of adverse effects on fruit quality were detected in all fumigated groups,except the VC content and T-AOC were reduced in the fruits treated with 35 and 45 g/m^3 ethyl formate after stored at 20℃ for 3 and 6 d. These results supported that ethyl formate fumigation could be used for the postharvest control of P. lilacinus on mangosteen fruit,and fumigation with 25 g/m^3 ethyl formate for 3 h at 20℃ could be used as an alternative treatment schedule.