新疆博斯腾湖生态环境变迁分析

Analysis on the Evolution Trend of the Aqueous Environment of Bosten Lake in Xinjiang

博斯腾湖曾是我国最大的内陆淡水湖 ,也是新疆境内现存的最大湖泊。湖泊水位为 1 0 4 8.0 m左右 ,东西长约 5 5 Km,南北宽 2 0～ 2 5 km,湖水水面积为 1 1 60 km2 ,湖水容积 84.1× 1 0 8m3 ,水深在 8～ 1 5 m之间 ,平均水深 8.1 m。具有蓄洪灌溉 ,提供丰富的水生动植物资源、改善焉耆盆地及塔里木河下游生态系统与环境、发展旅游业、促进区域经济可持续发展等多种功能。全新世以来的水环境变化 ,尤其是近 5 0年来博斯腾湖水环境的变化 ,引起众多专家学者的关注 [1～ 4] 。经过实地考察、调查、取样分析和系统研究认为要使博斯腾湖的含盐量降低到和保持在 1 .0 g/L以下 ,必须采取一系列措施。

Bosten Lake is the largest inland freshwater lake in China and the largest existing lake in Xinjiang. While the water level of the lake is 1,048.0 m a.s.l., the length from east to west is 55 km and the width from south to northis 20~25 km , its water area and storage capacity are 1,160 km 2 and 8.41×10 9 m 3 respectively, and its water depth varies in a range of 8~15 m and is 8.1 m in average. Bosten Lake has the multiple functions, such as flood control, irrigation, providing the rich aquatic animal and plant resources, improving the ecosystems and the environment in Yanqi Basin and the lower reaches of Tarim River, developing the tourism and promoting the sustainable development of the regional economy. The aqueous environment of Bosten Lake since the Holocene Epoch, especially since recent 50 years, has been paid a great attention by many experts and scholars . After the field investigation, sampling analysis and systematical research, it is considered that some measures must be taken for reducing and maintaining the salt content of Bosten Lake below 1.0g/L.