旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园植物的影响

EFFECTS OF RECREATION ON PLANTS IN ZHANGJIAJIE NATIONAL FOREST PARK

旅游活动对旅游地环境的影响几乎是不可避免的 ,尤以对植物的影响最为显著。随着游客的大量增多及旅游宾馆酒楼释放的废气污染物的急剧增加 ,张家界国家森林公园境内的植物遭受了较为严重的污染和伤害。为了探明旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园植物生长发育、体内化学物质成分及林木树干伤害等方面的影响 ,该研究采用对比分析法 ,调查分析了公园内受大气污染较为严重的接待区的几种林木叶内氟化物和SO2 含量及杉木(Cunninghamialanceolata)生长速度的变化 ,同时还对游道两边树木受游客刻伤的程度进行了调查分析。结果表明 ,公园接待区杉木、柳杉 (Cryptomeriafortunei)、枫杨 (Pterocaryahupehensis)叶片中氟化物及SO2 含量较对照区增大了1.6～ 16倍 ;杉木的直径生长量较对照区降低了 32 .3%～ 5 7.1% ;游客的乱刻乱划给金鞭溪、黄石寨等景区游道两边的林木留下了许多伤痕 ,这些伤痕主要分布在离地面 1.2～ 1.6m的部位 ,受伤程度与树种、树皮光滑程度、树干与游道边缘距离及方位有关。为了保护公园内的植物 ,必须改善公园内的燃料结构 ,减少接待设施的数量 。

The effects of recreation on the environment of tourism resorts are almost unavoidable, and these particularly affect vegetation. With the greatly increasing number of visitors and the intensive increase in air pollutants released from hotels and restaurants, the plants in Zhangjiajie National Forestr Park have been polluted and seriously damaged. In order to show the effects of recreation on the growth of plants, on the internal chemical components of plant leaves and on the damage degree of tree trunks, controlled experiments were used to investigate and analyze changes in contents of fluoride and SO 2 in the leaves of several tree species, and growth rates of Cunninghamia lanceolata were compared between polluted and non-polluted areas. The degree of tree bark wounding caused by visitors along both sides of the tourism roads was also investigated. The results showed that the contents of fluoride and SO 2 in the leaves of C. lanceolata, Cryptomeria fortunei and Pterocarya hupehensis in polluted areas increased 1.6-16 times in comparison to that of non-polluted areas; the annual diameter increment of C. lanceolata growing near the reception area was reduced 32.3%-57.1% compared with that of the control area; a great amount of scars on the tree trunks along the two sides of the tourism roads in Jinbianxi area and Huangshizhai area were cut by visitors, and these scars were distributed among the part of the trunks 1.2-1.6 m above the ground. The wound degree was mainly related to tree species, smoothing degree of the tree bark, and the distances from tree to the edge of tourism roads and the directions the trunks face. To protect the vegetation in the park, it is vital to improve the park's fuel structure, reduce the amount of reception sites and improve the environmental education of visitors.