基于3S技术的中国东北地区林地时空动态特征及驱动力分析

Analysis on Spatial-Temporal Characteristics and Driving Factors of Woodland Change in the Northeastern China Based on 3S Technology

利用 3S技术和中国资源环境数据库中用LandSatTM(ETM)解译获取的东北地区 1985 ,1995 ,2 0 0 0年林地空间分布数据 ,建立林地时空演变模型 ,定量分析东北地区林地变化时空特征。结果表明 :1985～ 2 0 0 0年东北地区林地发生较大幅度变化 ,时空差异明显 ;1995～ 2 0 0 0林地急剧减少趋势得到有效遏止 ,有林地面积出现一定程度增长 ,但林地变化的广度和强度仍然超过 1985～ 1995年 ,突出表现在大兴安岭地区林地动态度增加。从空间格局上看 ,大小兴安岭、长白山山麓地带林地动态变化最强烈 ,主要表现为林地与耕地和草地相互转换。

The development of 3S technology that including RS(Remote Sensing), GIS(Geographic Information System) and GPS(Global Position System) provides an effective method for woodland resources investigation and analysis of spatial-temporal characteristics. This article analyzed the woodland changes from 1985, 1995 and 2000 LANDSAT TM images based on 3S technology. The authors studied the spatial-temporal characteristics of woodland change in the northeastern China according to dynamic degree model and time series analysis. It is found that during 15 years from 1985 to 2000, the great changes of woodland had taken place in the northeastern China. The rate of forest decrease during the period of 1995-2000 is less than that of previous period, the area of forest increased 353 thousand ha from 1995 to 2000. But the scope and depth of woodland change during the period of 1995-2000 exceeded that of previous period. This phenomenon was represented in Da Higgan Mountains region. From the point of view of spatial patterns, the change rate of woodland in piedmont such as Da Higgan Mountains, Xiao Higgan Mountains, Changbai Mountains was higher than that of other regions. On the other hand, the authors analyzed the driving factors that caused above process in different regions.