中国镁铁、超镁铁岩浆矿床成矿系列的聚集与演化

THE ACCUMULATION AND EVOLUTION OF METALLOGENIC SERIES OF THE MAFIC-ULTRAMAFIC MAGMATIC DEPOSITS IN CHINA

矿床成矿系列的聚集与演化 ,是人们十分关注的问题。论述了元古宙以来的镁铁、超镁铁岩浆矿床成矿系列及成矿式 ,划分了中国岩浆矿床类型 ,归纳总结出岩浆矿床的 3种聚集成矿方式及演化过程 :(1 )岩浆侵入体成矿 ;(2 )与大陆溢流玄武岩有关的成矿 ;(3)与蛇绿岩有关的成矿。提出了岩浆矿床聚集与演化的特征 :(1 ) 3种聚集方式 ,形成 5类支撑性矿产 (Ni Cu Co Pt,金刚石 ,Fe V Ti,Cr,石棉 ) ,两类世界级超大型矿床式 (金川式 (Ni Cu Co Pt) ,攀枝花式 (Fe V Ti) ) ;(2 )两个主成矿期(元古宙、古生代 )和两个成矿高峰期 (中元古代、晚古生代 ) ;(3)具有“继承与发展”和“戛然而止”的演化特征。进行了世界对比 。

The accumulation and evolution of magmatic deposits are the subjects to which close attention have been paid all the time. In the paper the metallogenic series of magmatic deposits since the Proterozoic Era and their modes have been expounded, and the types of magmatic deposits in China are classified. Three kinds of ways of accumulation of magmatic deposits and their courses of evolution have been summarized: (1)the mineralization of magma intrusion;(2)the mineralization associated with the continental flood basalt; (3)the mineralization related to ophiolites. The characteristics of the accumulation and evolution of magmatic deposits are proposed as follows: (1) three kinds of gathering ways that formed five kinds of support mineral resources(Ni-Cu-Co-Pt,diamond, Fe-V-Ti, Cr, asbestos), and two kinds of world-class super-large scale deposit modes(Jinchuan mode(Ni-Cu-Co-Pt), Panzhihua mode (Fe-V-Ti)); (2) two main metallogenic epochs(the Proterozoic Era, the Palaeozoic Era) and two peak metallogenic epochs (the mid Proterozoic Era, the late Palaeozoic Era) ;(3)the evolution characteristics of “inheriting and developing” and of “terminating abruptly”. The author compares the types of deposits in China with those over the world and discusses the direction of prospection and the problems of magmatic deposits.