一所综合医院七年间因自杀急诊者的临床特征分析

Characteristics of suicide attempts treated over a 7 year period in the emergency department of a general hospital in Beijing

目的 探讨在北京大型综合医院急诊科抢救自杀者的特征及其动态分布。方法 对 1995～ 2 0 0 1年一所综合医院急诊室登记表中诊断为自杀的患者 ,按自编回顾性调查表进行筛查并记录其特征。结果 7年间共有15 34例自杀患者 ,占急诊室就诊人数的 2 94‰ ,未见逐年上升或下降的趋势 ;女性明显多于男性 (男∶女 =1∶2 6 ) ;年龄以青壮年为主 ,平均 ( 33 3± 15 1)岁 ;90 3%的自杀方式是服毒 ( 75 6 %使用治疗性药 ) ;17例 ( 1 1% )自杀死亡 ;春、夏季自杀患者高于秋、冬季 ;多数在晚 6～ 12时急诊 ,80 4 %在院抢救治疗时间少于 1天。结论 自杀已成为综合医院急诊患者中常见的致命问题 。

Objective Describe the characteristics and changing pattern of suicide attempts treated in the emergency department of a large general hospital in Beijing.Method Collect retrospective data on the characteristics of suicide attempts from the 1995～2001 emergency department log books of a large general hospital.Results 1534 suicides were identified over the 7 years,representing.0.294% of all patients seen in the emergency department;there was no clear increase in the proportion of patients with suicidal behavior over time.Females outnumbered males 2.6 to 1;most attempters were young adults(mean± s ),age=(33.3±15.1).90.3% had ingested poisons;75.6% had ingested medications. 17 of the cases (1.1%) died.The spring and summer months had more visits from attempters than fall and winter;most came to the emergency department during the evening hours(6～12 pm);80.4% stayed in the hospital for less than one day.Conclusions Suicide is a life-threatening condition that is often seen in emergency departments of general hospitals;health workers in emergency departments need to provide appropriate psychological treatment for these patients.