政府扶持农业保险发展的经济学分析

The Economic Analysis of the Government Surport of the Agriculture Insurance

从公共经济学的角度看,农业保险属于混合产品中的第三种类型,是具有利益外溢特征的产品。农业保险既具有公共产品又具有私人产品的性质,存在正外部性,使消费者和供给者的成本利益失衡,而供需双方又都无法确切地对正外部性效用进行收费,最终导致效率的损失。因此市场经济要求政府发挥其职能对市场失效进行调解,根据我国国情,政府可以从经济、法律和行政角度加大对农业保险的扶持,从而实现农业保险产品资源配置的最优。

In the view of public economics, agriculture insurance, which has the feature of excessive profits, belongs to the third type of mixed goods. Agriculture insurance not only has the feature of public goods, but also that of private goods, that is, positive externality that leads to the unbalance of the cost profits between consumers and providers. But neither parties can charge the effectiveness of positive externality exactly, which eventually results in the 1oss of efficiency. Therefore, market economy demands that the government should give play to mediating the loss of efficacy of the market. In order to realize the best disposal of the insured agricultural products, the government, in accordance with our national conditions, can enlarge their support of agriculture insurance in terms of economy, laws and administrations.