原始主义视角下当代小说中志怪元素的英译研究——以莫言小说《生死疲劳》葛浩文译本为例

An Analysis of the English Translation of Zhiguai in Contemporary Novels from the Perspective of Primitivism—Taking the Translation of Mo Yan’s Novel Life and Death Are Wearing out as an Example

志怪一直是中国传统文化中的重要组成部分。志怪文类兴盛于六朝,从六朝到北宋中叶,志怪作品逐渐退出主流位置,地位逐渐下降。然而,自20世纪80年代以来,以莫言为代表的一大批当代现实主义小说家开启了对中国小说志怪传奇传统创造性改造的潮流。此次潮流受到拉美魔幻现实主义和中国古代的志怪述异文学传统的双重影响、启迪,同时兼具本土性和现代性,但究其本质,还是对中国传统文化的一场创造性复兴。志怪元素充满原始文明的神秘色彩,代表着对现实的批判和对原始美好的向往,这一特征与西方原始主义理论有许多相似之处。本文从原始主义视角,以莫言的《生死疲劳》为研究对象,研究小说中志怪元素中体现的西方原始主义的两大外延——文化原始主义和年代原始主义以及四种内涵,剖析在英译本中原始主义要素产生的转变。

Zhiguai has always been an important part of traditional Chinese culture. The genre flourished in the Six Dynasties. From the Six Dynasties to the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, the genre works gradually withdrew from the mainstream position and their status gradually declining. However, since the 1980s, a large number of contemporary realist novelists represented by Mo Yan have started the trend of creative transformation of the legendary tradition of Chinese Zhiguai. This trend is influenced and inspired by Latin American magic realism and the ancient Chinese tradition of Zhiguai, with both local and modernity. However, its essence is still a creative revival of Chinese traditional culture. The Zhiguai elements are full of the mystery of primitive civilization, represent-ing the criticism of reality and the yearning for primitive beauty. They have many similarities with the western primitivism theory. From the perspective of primitivism, this paper takes Mo Yan’s Life and Death are Wearing out for example, studying the two extensions of western primitivism em-bodied in the Zhiguai elements of the novel: cultural primitivism, chronological primitivism and four connotations, analyzing the transformation of the elements of primitivism in the English trans-lation.